Previous studies on the performance evaluation of incubators have been based on more subjective oriented evaluation methodologies. This study utilized DEA(Data Envelope Analysis) methodology to evaluate 15 software business incubators in Korea.
As input factors, total operating expense, number of management manpower, total number of offices for incubation were selec ted. The number of graduating companies, the number of incumbents, and total amount of sales including export were output variables for the proposed DEA model.
Based on the DEA model and analysis, comparative efficiency ratio and major inefficiency factors of each software incubator center were pinpointed. Possible ways to improve the efficiency of each incubator were discussed and suggested.
This study contributes to the methodological ways of evaluating incubator management theoretically. Practically, DEA method will help incubator managers and government official evaluate the efficiency of their management practice cooperatively.

This crisis that started at the end of 1997 could be called a turning point. This turning point brought on a complete change in business environment, in corporate strategy, and in human resource management. The basics of this competitive environment are changing continuously. This change in the competitive environment, in turn, makes the base of any competitive advantage change.
Human resources, as the most important source of competitive advantage, have always performed the role of the most critical foundation. Therefore a change of the managerial environment or corporate strategy requires a fundamental review and reformation of human resource management within business in our country.
This study has tried to evaluate, not only the level of integration of corporate strategy and human resource management, but also the level of empowerment to line managers. This evaluation was accomplished through the analysis of present human resource management within Korean business. This study could be defined by examining the following questions:
1) What is the actual condition of human resource management of business in this country? This question is explored by types and sizes of businesses and different levels of technology?
2) What are the levels of strategic integration and empowerment of Korean business? How different is HRM according to the business size and technological level cause?
3) What are the contingent factors and organizational policies that enable us to foresee levels of strategic integration and empowerment?

The purpose of this study is to detect how much the performance of the Small and Medium Enterprises(SMEs) has been remarkably made after the financial crisis in the end of 1997 in terms of the quantity and quality aspects as well as to analyze whether the debt structure of SMEs listed in the capital market has changed by utilizing the panel data of their financial statements.
The results represent that the SMEs have made a significant progress contributing to rapid economic-recovery after the crisis. It in turn was attributable to a huge job creation and export driving forces in the SMEs with financial fiscal supports to SMEs' venture capitals as well as continuing structural reforms in financial institutions and big companies by the government.
However, there still remain challenges to be addressed for the development of SME's industry in terms of its productivity and profitability which plays a key role in catching up competitiveness in the international markets.
On the other hand, after the crisis, the outcome of panel data analysis shows that banks still take account the fixed tangible assets and profitability factors in allocating the credits to the SMEs. It also represents the asymmetric information causes problems in credit rationing to SMEs in the capital market.
Taking into consideration of these changes, in order for SMEs to be a pivotal of the whole industry in Korea, they have to strife for recovering the capacity of creating profitability, at the same time credit scoring system in the financial intermediaries should be improved to extend much further credit loans to SMEs.

Recent market-based accounting research which evaluate company valuation using accounting information focus on the role of accounting information in the measurement perspective. Different from the previous valuation model based on the dividends and cash flow. Ohlson's model reflects abnormal earning and net book value.
The purpose of this research is to examine what is significant valuation determinants and to study it influences to decide KOSDAQ firms valuation, a firm risk and a period of registration.
The valuation determinants of the study are abnormal earning, net book value and the dummy on a debt to equity ratio. The research method is multiple regression and 751 samples were selec ted for the 2-year period from 1999 to 2000. The empirical results are as follows.
Firstly, It is useful that Ohlson's model explains the valuation of securities companies. There was positive relation between company valuation and abnormal earning and net book value. And adjusted R²of 1999 year's companies was 3%, adjusted R²of 2000 year's companies was 67%.
Secondly, firm risk variable was significantly positive variable on the valuation determinants of securities companies. This means that the high debt-equity ratio causes the lower stock price than the low debt-equity ratio.
Finally, the adjusted R²of the continuant KOSDAQ firm is higher that of initial public offerings, which results in the weak accounting information of initial public offerings.
In sum, KOSDAQ firm valuation determinants considering Ohlson's model has validity and a risk variable and a period of registration have a meaningful effect on companies valuation determinants.

The collision between the irresistible force to build long-range competitive capabilities and the immovable object of the historical-cost financial accounting model has created a new concept of Balanced Scorecard(BSC). The BSC retains traditional financial measures. But financial measures tell the story of the past events, an adequate story for Industrial age companies for which investments in long-term capabilities and customer relationship were not critical for success.
Therefore, this paper has devoted attention to the relations among performance measures and the structural relations between performance measures and its drivers by the four perspectives of the BSC model for medium and small manufacturing firms in Korea. To test the hypothesis which are proposed with respect to the influences of drives on the internal business process efficiency, customer satisfaction, financial performance measures, an empirical research was conducted on 5,740 medium and small firms. For the purpose of the empirical research, this paper used the surveyed data of Credit Guarantee Fund.
On the basis of the results in the empirical research, the findings of this paper can be summarized as follow. First, Most of the employee satisfaction and staff competencies influence on customer satisfaction and internal business process are statistically significant. Second, customer satisfaction and internal business process directly have not influence on the financial performance measures of firms. Only market share influenced on the financial performance. Customer satisfaction itself is influenced mainly by internal business process efficiency of firms, which in turn is influenced by employee satisfaction and staff competencies indirectly. The results of this paper help to enhance the middle and small firms to become aligned and focused on implementing the long-term competitive strategy.

This study investigates the relationship between the environmental factors of venture firms and the collaboration patterns with large firms, and also relates these patterns with the growth stages of venture firms.
The study reveals two significant results:
First, collaboration patterns of venture firms are influenced by the environmental factors, especially by the internal factors.
Second, these patterns are found out to be different according to the growth stages of venture firms.
Detailed implications and suggestions are presented in the conclusion.

This study investigated the level and determinants of international competitiveness of small and medium sized firms located in Daegu, The research model consisted of characteristics of management process including management strategy, organizational structure, management system, and top management. And international competitiveness was used as a performance variable. The data were collected from 408 small and medium sized firms located in Daegu. Empirical results indicated that the level of international competitiveness was not high, and management strategy and organizational structure influenced on international competitiveness significantly. Specifically, this study shown that to improve international competitiveness, small and medium sized firms have to persue both cost reduction and product differentiation, and also enhance decentralization and formalization simultaneously. In doing so, they appear to be faced with a paradox management. The implications of these findings, limitations, and future research directions were discussed.

This Study has investigated effects of negotiation skill & power on negotiation outcome. It has theoretically examined a lot of research and literature. An experiment was designed to study the effect of differences in the balance of power and relative bargaining ability of dyad in determining negotiation outcomes. Negotiators were divided to two parts by their scores. Forty-five traits were selec tcd for consideration based on analysis of the important characteristics listed by businessmen, diplomats and psychologists.
The major finding of this study are as follows.
Under conditions of approximately equal power, the superior negotiators outperformed the interior negotiators. The larger the differences between the skills of adversaries as expressed by their negotiation scores, the more favorable the outcome for the superior negotiator. But under conditions of unequal power, there was no relationship of negotiator traits and power to bargaining outcome. Also, their is no difference in the ability of the superior and the inferior negotiators to estimate the opponents minimum disposition. and All participants were satisfied with negotiation results. There was no difference between negotiators with successful and failing negotiators in negotiation results. This result is logically consistent and in keeping with the expectations of the various diplomats and businessmen.

The research is the exploratory study to examine the characteristics of Korean family businesses, specifically in the precious metals & jewelry industry(PMJ), and their successful growing strategies. The primary purposes of this research are as follows. First, the prominent characteristics of Korean PMJ and their owners/managers are described. Second, based on the characteristics, the growth strategies of PMJ are examined. Third, a growing interest in Korean family businesses is to be profound. For this research, Survey and interview data were collected from DB of Small and Medium Business Administration in Korea.
From the research, the followings are founded. First, family labor force, specifically nonpayment family members, are pervasively utilized in PMJ, and harmonious relationship among family members are important. Second, systematic succession planning and strategies must be well formulated. Third, regular family meetings are required to prevent and relieve conflict and possible feud among family members. Fourth, global competent design and brand capability must be developed. Lastly, new technologies appropriate to each firm must be developed to satisfying individual needs of customers.

This study examines the impact of human resource(HR) systems on corporate performance among medium and small sized firms in Korea. For this purpose, we classified HR systems and firms into four different types. And develope several hypotheses based on three approaches to strategic human resource management: universal, contingency and configuration approaches. The universal approach predicts a positive relationship between performance and HR systems. The contingency approach predicts that characteristics of firms will moderate the relationship between performance and HR systems. Finally, the configuration approach predicts that there will be an ideal HR type, and relationship between HR types and performance will be contingent on a firm type. The authors tested the hypotheses with the sample of 205 medium and small sized companies. The results support the universal approach. The contingency and configuration approaches receive partial support. Additional analysis showed that three of four firm types actually linked with different HR system types. We discussed the implications of these findings in more detail.

The purpose of this research is to assess the performance of the Small Business Development Center in Korea(KSBDC). The areas of assessment include job creation, types and quality of services provided, financial assistance programs, impact of KSBDC on the development of microbusiness, contribution to balanced development among different industries and regions, customer satisfaction of KSBDC, contribution to improvement of Small and Medium Business Administration, and overall evaluation. The results indicate that the KSBDC has made very positive impact in most of the areas assessed except the areas of types and quality of services provided by KSBDC. The overall evaluation is rated to be 'moderate success'.

The main purpose of this study is to survey of informatization characteristics of small and medium-sized manufacturing enterprise in Daegu area. Survey data was collected for sample of 391 firms from 5,915 small and medium-sized enterprises with constant employees from 5 to 300 in Daegu area from April to May in 2002.
The main results of empirical study are as follows. First, I found that the enterprise with informational department was statistically more long business history, large employees, and high age of top manager than nonexistence enterprise with informational department. Both groups were significant statistically.
Second, the enterprise with information department was statistically more large size of capital, sales, and high margin ratio than nonexistence enterprise with information department. Both groups were significant statistically.
Third, it seemed very often to collect of customer's opinion on the degree of use of homepage in the size of employee, but electronic commerce is not in ordering. And the support part of information system is ranked production.shipment management, inventory. physical distribution and ordering control.
Fourth, we can say that the existence or nonexistence of informational department, homepage, and the intention of top manager in information have an effect on information characteristics of small and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises. I hope that the policies to promote informatization characteristics of small and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises focus on organization of informational department, use of information machinery, and the rise of recognition in information. Small and medium-sized enterprises in Daegu are very weak in information and in use of e-commerce.
Therefore, they are required to support and promote the introduction, establishment of e-commerce, and information policies.

In this study, we examined the relationship between process-related justice and perceived support. We hypothesized that processed-related justice would be divided into procedural justice and interactional justice separately. We also hypothesized that interactional justice will be more strongly related to perceived support than procedural justice.
The data was gathered from eight s of Seoul and Daegu.Kyungbuk province. The results of this study supported both hypotheses. Like previous research, process-related justice was operationalized as 2 distinct variablesprocedural justice and interactional justice. Interactional justice was found to have a substantially stronger relationship with perceived support than procedural justice. Overall, these results suggest that officials have more concerns about interactional justice than procedural justice.