There is several research about the difference of female and male entrepreneur such as entrepreneurial motivation, factors on success, relationship with outcome, managerial characteristic of female CEO. According to these researches, we can understand the difference of entrepreneurship between female and male and generate political implication. But, these researches have the limitation that the factors describing the difference and samples are small and subjective. To supplement the limitation, we introduce applicable computing method on such researches. Finally, we tried to figure out change of female entrepreneurship empirically.
We used 2001, 2008 GEM data and bootstrapping simulation using available combination of 5 socio-economic factors and 4 perspective factors. According to the result, entrepreneurship of 2008 is less than that of 2001 statistically and specially female’s reduction is more than male’s. Although this study have some limits, we expect that this research can provide quantitative and numerical index to find out difference between male and female’s entrepreneurial propensity.

In this research, we have examined the relation between R&D concentration and the price-cost margin of industries from the perspective of structure-conduct-performance paradigm by empirical analysis. The main results of this paper are as follows. First, we show that increase in R&D concentration of an industry raises price-cost margin of that industry and so lowers the size of consumer welfare increase. The asymmetric pattern of R&D investments in industries have an influence on the competitive pattern in product markets, which in turn affects price-cost margins. Second, the effect of industry R&D concentration on price-cost margin is influenced by the globalization degree of an industry. As firms in an industry are exposed more to world-wide competition due to advancement of globalization, price- cost margin of that industry becomes lower. This results shows that globalization of industries has a positive effect on consumer welfare.
This paper suggests that it is necessary for a government to adopt the R&D policy that induces many (or most) firms in an industry to participate in R&D in order to raise the positive consumer welfare effect of R&D.

This study examines the effects of an entrepreneur’s human and social capital on starting up in information technology as well as on attracting venture capital investment. Based on the analysis of 357 companies gone public in the KOSDAQ market from 2000 to 2005, we find out that both of human and social capital positively influence on information technology startup and venture capital financing. The managerial background of an entrepreneur turns out to be a more important factor than education.

For venture businesses, product development is important in the early market but more important is that they can obtain significant position in the market depending on how they build brand equity value with customers. Therefore, it is to find what factors works greatly for venture companies which have not secured stable status in the market, yet to build brand equity and how customer-brand relationship is established.
Namely, determinants of brand equity were set up with brand awareness, perceived quality and brand association through preceding studies, and factors such as CEO reputation, PR and product innovation, etc were ed as dependent variables affecting it and a hypothesis was made, which each of them would have a positive effect on brand equity. In addition, it was to investigate how brand equity affected brand-customer relationship. The results of survey conducted are as follows to verify this research hypothesis.
It appeared that CEO reputation, PR and product innovation exerted almost positive effect on building brand equity such as company brand awareness, perceived product quality, and company brand association etc. Meanwhile, The outcome to verify the influential relations between determinants of brand equity and customer-brand relationship is that perceived product quality and brand association have an positive effect on customer-brand relationship but brand awareness has no statistically significant positive effect on it.
These research results illustrates which are influential factors for venture businesses of which status in the market is not enough to evaluate company brand equity value and to build friendly relationships with customers, and provide indications by influential factors concerning what methods exist to enhance market performance.

Reflecting the opinion that the growth of small and medium-sized companies is critical to economic development, this paper analyzes “hidden champion enterprises, attaining revenues comparable with large companies despite of its small/medium size. Recently, these companies are highlighted as an advanced business-management model.
In order to accomplish this purpose, the case analysis of real “hidden champions” were performed. The result of the case analysis indicates that critical factors for success involve not only a technology development competence, customer-oriented philosophies, export market-centerd policies and the excavation of niche-markets, which are directly related to the company, but also political supports of a government. Also, the result shows most companies are using these factors efficiently, but every factor is not equally important to all companies, However, there is no doubt that some factors play extremely instrumental roles for “hidden champions” to develope their core competences.
Lastly, this research suggests the strategic direction which internal “hidden champions” should pursue, drawing a desirable success-model and strategy for this type of companies.

To maintain competitive advantage under uncertain environment, organizational slack and its effect on organizational performance have been getting their significance in related fields. The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between organizational slack and technological innovation and the moderating effect of high-commitment human resource management(HRM) system between the two variables. The empirical results using the 105 R&D centers in Korea showed that organizational slack is positively related to technological innovation and high-commitment HRM system also moderate between organizational slack and technological innovation. The results of this study emphasized that organizations should adopt proper HRM system to maximize the effect of organizational slack on firm performance. Finally, I discussed some limitations and future researches of this study.