In the 21st century, the OECD member nations recognize design as a knowledge-based capital for the SMEs growth and they reinforce design support for the competitiveness of state ans local business. In Korea, the design support policy has been implemented by government from the late 60’s, to increase exports. Korea actually needs an adequate SMEs policy in the Creative Economy era. In this research, we draw on a comparative case study of the design support projects of the OECD members for improvement in korean SMEs policies. The study limits its scope to 22 OECD member countries which possess the design promotion agencies from the year 2000. The research on the design support for SMEs is conducted with 3 steps : 1 : present state survey of the 22 OECD members, 2 : analysis of Korean design support policy, 3 : proposal of improvement of korean design support policy through comparing the cases analysis of the OECD member countries.
The results show that the OECD members extend the scope of SMEs target group for design support, not only manufacturing business, but also craft, publishing, fashion, interior, ITC, new media, architecture, environment and etc. Secondlyin the OECD Asian countries and post-communist nations of Eastern Europe, the design support for SMEs has been led by government-affiliated design agencies. Thirdly, most of the OECD members SMEs are assistedthrough specific methods: design education, design management consulting, overseas promotion and design development. In the 70s~80s Korean government started the packaging development support for SMEs and continues the design support policies such as Design R&D, consulting, manpower supply, high-tech equipment support and etc. But in spite if long period of support, Korean SMEs problem has not been solved. In conclusion, this study suggests that Korea must divert design development support to design management likes the cases of the OECD countries. And korean design agencies need to introduce a design management validation program for SMEs and to provide differentiated support services in conformity with enterprise growth steps. And these findings suggest that design support must be extened to art and culture small business and that the korean government must reconsider working condition of support personnel in SMEs to create a sustainable employment.

This paper investigates the utilization of the innovation actors of Korean general machinery industry (GMI) in the open innovation activities, from the ｢Korea Innovation Survey｣, which can consist of information acquisition, technology acquisition and R&D collaboration by comparing those of other manufacturing sectors. Furthermore, we tried to propose the role and contribution of Government Research Institute (GRI) to the open innovation activities of GMI.
We show that GMI make full use of the innovation actors in information acquisition activities, followed by technology acquisition and R&D collaboration. Specifically, in comparison with other manufacturing sectors, GMI take advantage of the innovation actors more ively. Furthermore, we find that there is no difference in the expansion of open innovation activities according to firm size. But the smaller firms size are, the lower linkage between open innovation activities are. It implies that it is necessary to make policy to support smaller firms whose linkage strength among activities is poor. On the other hand, linkage strength in using GRI is much stronger at medium size firms. We can see that medium size firms have a number of interest in technology acquisition, R&D collaboration as well as information acquisition from GRI.
We also find that contribution of GRI to the open innovation activities in GMI is relatively higher than other manufacturing sectors, it implies that GRI plays a key role in all of the open innovation activities in GMI. In particular this trait is more apparent in case of medium size firms, it means that GRI need to focus on industry program to enhance the competitiveness of medium size enterprise heavily.

Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) heavily rely on ‘Relationship banking' because information asymmetry is one of the main obstacles to direct financing in competitive financial markets. Close and long-term relationships between banks and SMEs help overcoming problems of information asymmetry in financial markets by providing private information. Thus, SMEs can obtain favorable terms in the loan especially in the amounts and the prices. However, these positive benefits of relationship banking vary depending on the country and the regional difference of financial environments. In this paper, we analyze the effect of relationship banking on different size of SMEs regarding credit availability and interest rates in Korean banking industry.
We find that the effects of relationship banking have positive benefits with more credit availability and the lower interest rate. These effects are greater for the small firms since the information asymmetry problem is more severe. However, its effect on large companies with better transparency is inconclusive. In conclusion, banks are a primary source of capital for the small firms and the relationship banking alleviates the information asymmetry problem so that SMEs will benefit with low interest rate and more credit loans from banks.

Geographically proximity guarantees neither an active interaction nor the sharing of knowledge between partners of R&D collaborations. There were few studies on uncovering the linkages among proximities, social capital and the performance of R&D collaborations especially in the context of Korean SMEs. This study investigate the effects of various dimensions of proximity and social capital on R&D collaboration by analyzing 194 joint R&D projects of Korean SMEs. Empirical results show that there are significant differences between the types of partners; As for the partner inside the supply chain, technological proximity appear to show a positive impact, while social capital exhibits inverted “U” shaped impact on project performance and social capital moderated positively the relationship between geographical proximity and project performance. On the contrary, technological proximity exhibits a significant negative impact and institutional proximity appears to be a major factor that gives strong positive impact on project performance in the case of partner outside of the supply chain, which suggests that it is important to maintain a high level of novelty in knowledge base from actors outside of the supply chain. Institutional proximity is another important factor which must be managed carefully. There might be a relatively high level of institutional differences for partners outside of the supply chain and it showed that social capital can boost the positive impacts of the institutional proximity on project performance. All of these results can give practical and policy implications on the strategy of R&D collaborations of Korean SMEs.

There is a demand to enhance Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) as an effective alternative to create new jobs, decrease economic bipolarizations, and to further advance the economy. Recent interest in Germany’s hidden champions has been increasing as the new awareness of SMEs' socio-economic functions has developed, in particular the globally competitive companies called small giants' or ‘Korean style of hidden champions.'
The purpose of this study is to examine the characteristics of management and the sustainable growth of Germany's hidden champions based on case studies of long-surviving [family] businesses; these businesses are global market leaders in their industries. Implications regarding how to apply management to Korean enterprises and government policies will also be explored in this study. The sustainable growth factors were established based on case studies about Germany's hidden champions. These hidden champions are categorized as management perspectives in individual companies and government/institutional policy perspectives.
In terms of the management perspectives, hidden champions focus on their own unique business areas, striving to become the best worldwide. These companies value technology and implement innovations and full-range R&D. The companies give prestige to their employees as well as support their employees’ self-development and personal growth. Sustainable growth and development strategies with long-term plans are pursued, rather than short-term financial performance and outcomes. These companies strive for globalization and to become part of the international market; however, they also focus on localization. Maintaining positive collaborations and relationships with their partners is imperative while maintaining the productive and collaborative relationships between the family and company. In doing so, these companies build a clear set of family values and stewardship as they effectively manage family governance. These hidden champions focus on their social responsibilities of business and focus on CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility) voluntarily and actively. Hidden champions also aim to provide the best quality of products for their customers and lead companies in the global market; they also implement entrepreneurship with enthusiasm to achieve these goals. In terms of government/ institutional policy, the sustainable growth factors include : providing appropriate job training and education for employees, SMEs provision of friendly and supportive R&D policies, exploration of the international markets, and support for globalization. The government/institutional policy level also seeks the development of positive relationships with trading banks, banking systems and behaviors, and effective business successions.
The two policy levels, business management and government/institutional, are both necessary to foster the Korean style of hidden champions. Each individual company needs to invest in their efforts to be the best, and government policies need to be developed and implemented in order to support companies’ entrepreneurial activities. These government policies should improve and implement effective human resource management, technology support, effective financial and banking systems and policies, the exploration of the international markets and globalization, and an effective succession process as well as implementation of said process. Other important and necessary tasks include : to create a proper environment, improve and modify current systems and policies, and to support the entrepreneurial spirit.

Entrepreneurship research has recently been highlighted by many researchers. However, there is no widely accepted categorization of the different themes of entrepreneurship research. In this paper, we propose a new conceptual framework for the entrepreneurship research domain, and classify 1,810 articles published in six prominent entrepreneurship journals over the last decade into sixteen research themes. The results show that the focus of entrepreneurship research has moved from the entrepreneurial process to a social context. The differences in research trends between US journals and European journals are considered. In addition, the six journals are found to have unique characteristics of entrepreneurship research.

This study is to set guidelines for as well as verify the estimation method to come up with the appropriate scale of the number of small business companies in Korea by analysing the appropriate scale of the number of small business companies in 30 OECD countries using the data from OECD. In the study, we tried to understand the correlation between the scale of the number of small business companies and economic growth rate as well as analyse the appropriate level of the scale of the number of small business companies in Korea through comparison between OECD countries. For this, we used the data from OECD and labor-related data from ILO performing analysis with panel analysis.
Firstly, according to the analysis on the determining factor of private business based on the data from OECD, it has been found that the higher the unemployment rate gets, the lower the rate of private business owners does, and further the bigger tax burdens get, the lower the rate of private business does.
Secondary, the appropriate rate of private business in Korea estimated based on the data from OECD has been found to be 11.1%. The estimation of the scale of the number of private business owners by this rate of private business and the number of the employed in 2008 showed that the number of private business owners across all the industrial fields in Korea estimated by panel analysis was 5.964 mil. as of 2008 with surplus of 3.355 mil. that equals to 14.2% of the number of the employed.
Thirdly, from the analysis on the influence of the rate of private business on the economic growth rate in Korea, it has been found that the rate of private business has negative (-) influence on the economic growth rate. And besides, it has been found that export and import amount has positive (+) influence and dishonored bill has negative influence on the economic growth rate respectively.
These findings in the study have several implications: By enlarging the initial stage of the study to establish the current determining factor of small business companies, we have found new fact on how the variables contained in the findings influence the determining factor of small business companies and national economic growth rate. From a study research perspective, besides, we have testified the estimation method to verify the influence between the scale of the number of private business companies & its appropriateness and the economic growth rate in Korea.
Through this estimation method for the appropriate scale of the number of private business companies, we have established a ground for further studies on which approaching method we need to take in measuring the appropriate scale of the number of private business companies in Korea, along with cause analysis on the surplus-related perception of private business owners in Korea. Moreover, this study would result in as much contribution to the establishment of government policy on determining the scale of the number of private business companies in the future as follow-up academical development.

Organizational change continues to occur at a high rate in modern organizations. Especially the reality of small business firm's condition is poor than large one. It is crucial factor that employee's positive attitude or behavior to their organization to survive. Accordingly, researchers have increasingly concluded that employees play a major role in the success or failure of change in their organizations. It is crucial factor that employee’s positive attitude or behavior to their organization for success. The present study examines to influence of interactional justice and the relationship with employee’s positive outcome (e.g. job satisfaction, organizational commitment). In addition, the recent literature emphasize the necessity of team context factor that focusing on team resilience as moderator. To test multilevel analysis, we collected the survey data from middle size organization, 14 teams and 330 members and analyzed HLM (Hierarchical Linear Modeling). We found that member’s interactional quality increases job satisfaction and organizational commitment and team resilience could moderate this relationship.

According to the increasing importance of the SMEs' R&D, it is necessary to consider not only the government funding scale but also the effective operation of the R&D support system. The purpose of this research is to analyze the differences in technological levels and technological independence degrees between before and after the SMEs' R&D project ution financially supported by the government, based on technology life cycle, and to suggest the improvement ways of the government R&D support system. The results of this study show that there are significant differences in sales, technological level, degree of technological independence, and contribution of new product, according to the phases of technology life cycle. In addition, this research proposes the specified directions of the government R&D supports for SMEs, based on technology life cycle, and it could contribute the improvement of effectiveness in the R&D support policy for SMEs.

Though salespersons providing services at customer touch points play a key role in boosting up the performance in services organizations, they are likely to have a negative work attitude exhausted by the burden of emotional labor, etc. Therefore, it is important to encourage them to develop a positive work attitude through effective management. Domestic department stores are regrouped into a handful of large distributors, and most salespeople working there are employees of the companies allowed to do business in the department stores. That puts those workers under the control of the large-scale distribution chains while being on the payroll of the companies doing operations in the locations. Such characteristic may strengthen unfavorable work attitude as well as further aggravate the burden of emotional labor, especially for salespersons working for small-and medium-sized enterprises. This study expanded the issue of quality of leader-member exchange which had been dealt with in the context of hierarchy in the same organizations to include the quality of exchange between department store managers and salespeople working at the department stores on the payroll of small-and medium-sized businesses, and conducted an empirical research on the impact of such quality on the salespersons’ work attitude. The study also discussed and verified the possible mediating effect of the salesperson’s organizational identification with the department stores they work at. We collected data from 335 salespersons employed by small- and medium-sized companies doing business in the L Department Store, a giant distributor, and conducted an analysis of such data. The results showed that the quality of exchange between managers and salespersons has positively influenced work attitude of the salespersons, which means it has boosted job satisfaction and discouraged turnover intention. The study also found that salespersons’ organizational identification acts as a mediator of the relationship between these two.

President Keuhae Park's SMEs' policies have to focus on the improvement of SMEs' competitiveness, to treat SME businessmen's Peter Pan Syndrome to change the firm distribution, and then to create good jobs and sources of economic growth from SMEs. SMEs' bottlenecks have to be solved through SMEs competitiveness improvement which is solved by themselves through efforts of SME businessmen with complementary aid of the authorities. These SMEs with large firms can play a role of two vehicles to pull Korean economy in the era of convergence and inter-firm business cooperation.
The purpose of this paper is to add nine policy suggestions to sharpen SMEs' competitiveness through President Park's 140 national agendas: revitalization of entrepreneurship, M&A on start-up firms, and adolescent entrepreneurship education; strengthening SMEs' competitiveness as SMEs' policy goal and setting key performance index to evaluate public enterprises and SMEs policies achievements; dividing SMEs' polices into micro-business policies and SMEs' policies, and then the former focusing on micro-businessmen's efforts to improve their competitiveness, end-user directed polices, and their growth, while the latter on strengthening global competitiveness; adopting global competitiveness as the key performance index to evaluate SMEs' policies appropriate to industrial ecology and inter-firm business cooperation; competition-oriented SMEs' globalization and R&D capacity improvement; changing unequal distribution structure and strengthening SMEs' brand strategy to resolve three types of unfair trade, irrationality and inequality (so-called 3 types of unfairness); history management of policy-funds beneficiary firms; expanding financial institutions to make policy funds end-users convenient to improve their efficiencies; inventing the key index to reflect SMEs employee's quality of life in performance evaluation of policy funds and public enterpises.

Korea has made unprecedented achievements in the efficiency driven economies from one of the world's poorest countries to an OECD member country. However, many problems have been exposed during the transition. The aim for this study is to draw out a new paradigm, the creative economy, as driving force of “economic revitalization.” SME policy has a role to increase economic growth through ‘ecosystem­oriented entrepreneurship’ and ‘fair trade'
This paper focuses on explaining new perspective on the term, ‘creative economy’ and the related concepts to establish desirable SME policies preparing for the era of a creative economy. The key essence of a creative economy is to form a virtuous cycle of the three elements: efficiency, innovation, and fairness. Also, major infrastructure and detailed strategies will be suggested.
We are entering a critical phase following the ‘smart revolution.’ Through this, Korea will emerge as a leader of the creative economy before the era of the aging population of the year 2018. To achieve this, it is important to pursue SME policies that induce good growth through the virtuous cycle of jobs and growth based upon the sustainable growth coming from ecosystem-oriented entrepreneurship and fair trade.

This study aims at reviewing human resource policy for SMEs in the last 10 years and evaluating its performance and limit by time period.
This study focuses on the characteristics and performance of human resource policy for SMEs during the Roh and Lee administration by classifying the legislation and general plan, personal recruitment, employment by training, training, and establishment of infrastructure. Since human resource policy for SMEs is scattered around governmental department including Ministry of Employment and Labor, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Trade, Industry & Energy, and Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning, this study is intended for that promoted by Small & Medium Business Administration.
As a result of evaluation on human resource policy for SMEs, major problems are drawn such as reducing effectiveness of policy due to low awareness of SMEs, policy focusing on suppliers in the short term, insufficiency of policy evaluation and feedback, and etc. Thus, this study suggests key improvements to enhance performance of establishing 3rd general plan for human resource policy for SMEs, reinforce drawing power(attractivity & retentivity) of its human resource, and strengthen its effectiveness.

The purpose of the study is defined solving the small and medium businesses of the new enforcement system and check the policy network in Korea. This study is to the viability of a future-oriented for enhanced small and medium businesses and to survive a competitive environment. It is the best way to support competitive field of technology was ed for the analysis. According to previous research, through the policy network types desirable to set the network mode and to check for current policy analysis parameters and detailed indicators decided. For example, policy actors (Governments, financial institutions, large corporations, universities, research institutes and non-governmental sector) have small and medium businesses sector in the network connection. Interaction situations, relationships and structure is identifed a preferred form of the current policy network proposal has policy implications. As a result, the Korea technology competitive sector, the government sector and the policy network, such as universities and research institutes sector, the cooperative sector, small group interaction side, financial sector interaction sidelines, large mandatory nature of the interaction is expressed respectively. And overall and the horizontal structure of the closed form of the relationship has held. This study of public sector initiatives in technology competitiveness between government departments overlap and confusion and adjustment functions for network policy actors. It includes the issue of immature, non-governmental sector in policy network relationships and exhibit intellectual problems resulting from the formation said. A new solution, small business technology advocacy council type organizations, the creation of actors involved in the network policy goals and policy sharing, network expansion and openness to establish conditions for an active and practical methodology.