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Supply Chain Collaboration and Performance: A Comparative Study between Large-Sized, Middle-Standing, and Small-Medium-Sized Enterprise
  • - Su-Yol Lee (Chonnam National University)
[Abstract]
As firms have increasingly realized that their competitive advantage heavily relied on supply chain capabilities, they have paid more attention on collaborative supply chain management focusing on a long-term and partnership-based relationship. This study examines differences in collaborative supply chain management practices and their effects on performance among large-sized, middle-standing, and small-and-medium-sized enterprises. ANOVA and hierarchical regression analysis with a large set of Korean manufacturing sample indicate that the effects of collaborative supply chain management vary along the size characteristics of a firm. The results of this study illustrate that the effects of collaboration differ depending on the three different dimensions of supply chain collaboration (relational, operational, and supportive dimensions of collaboration) and performance as well as firm size, which indicating a strategic approach on supply chain collaboration would be required. This study also provides insightful implications for managers of buyers as well as suppliers how to adopt and implement supply chain collaboration with a strategic and contingent perspective in order to foster stronger supply chain performance.
The Effect of Export-Continuing SMEs¡¯ Export Capability on their Export Performance: Focusing on the Mediating Effect of the Export Market-Oriented Behavior and the Utilization Level of Export Support Policies
  • - Yun-Ji Ahn (Hanyang University)
  • - Kwang-Ho Park (Hanyang University)
[Abstract]
As more companies are expanding their business into global markets, export-oriented growth as the first step for the globalization is getting more attention. However, the recent oil price slump and the slowdown in the growth of the global trade result in aggravation of export. Export oriented small and medium sized companies (SMEs) with limited export capability have experienced more decrease in export and even discontinued export. Accordingly, it is necessary not only to increase the number of new export SMEs but also to strengthen the capability of export-continuing SMEs which accounts for eighty percent of the total national export. In the present research, we conduct an empirical study with a survey of 521 export-continuing companies in order to derive the factors which have a significant relationship with the export performance. Firstly, the factors that affect the export performance of SMEs are defined through literature review. The export capability is defined as the main independent factor. Then, the utilization level of export support policies and the export market-oriented behavior are defined as mediating factors. The results suggest that the export capability of SMEs influences both the utilization level of export support policies and the export performance. Also, it is shown that the export market-oriented behavior has a meaningful effect to the export performance and the utilization level of export support policies does to the export market-oriented activities. The study further shows that the export market-oriented behavior and the utilization level of export support policies moderate the link between the export capability and the export performance. Having tested the hypotheses, we classify the export-continuing SMEs into four groups with the export capability and the export market-oriented behavior. The cluster analysis enables us to suggest customized export support programs for each group to enhance export performance. It is expected that this study will present effective strategies for export-continuing SMEs to sustain their growth in global markets.
Small & Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs)¡¯ Performance in Mexico: Relations of Security Cost, Corruption, and Informal Competition to Firm¡¯s Performance
  • - Young-Hee Kang (Keimyung University)
  • - Hye-Yoon Chung (Korea University)
[Abstract]
This study aims to investigate how security, bribery, informal competition, and the fixed entry cost can affect the performance of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Mexico. Recently, Mexico has been regarded as a new strategic foothold for the US and Latin American markets for Korean global companies and their Korean SME suppliers. The current study contributes to offering an opportunity to take a detailed look at the relationship between the SMEs¡¯ performance and some chronic institutional environment, particularly business obstacles that they might run into in Mexico.
For the current study, we have used the survey data conducted by the World Bank Enterprise Survey (WBES) in 2010. We have analyzed a sample of 821 SMEs in the manufacturing sector in Mexico with more than 5 and less than 250 employees. The results show that the security cost is positively related to labor productivity due to unstable business environment. However, there is no statistically significant relationship between corruption and labor productivity. The informal competition with those unregistered competitors affects SMEs¡¯ sales negatively. Finally, the level of firm entry fixed-costs does not moderate the relationship between informal competition and SMEs¡¯ sales. We finalize the paper by discussing implications for future studies and practices.
A Study on the Network Structure of theSupplier-Customer Relations between Flagship and Small Companies
  • - Jaeheon Jung (Pukyong University)
  • - Jang-Pyo Hong (Pukyong University)
[Abstract]
This study investigates structural characteristics of supplier-customer relation network on which the flagship companies in the 5 industrial sector-representative exporting industries, ie. automobile, electronic, ship building and representative domestic industries, ie telecommunication, system integration-make transactions, with more than 50 thousands data provided by KED for the year of 2011. At first, we confirmed that most companies in 5 sectors have strong and exclusive transactions and that statistically the number of companies with more purchasing transaction number decrease exponentially in the transaction network as predicted by the well known complexity theory. This implies that the networks of transactions for 5 sectors are formed in the way of hub and spoke and that the networks are scale free mostly. But we found that there exist differences in volumes of strong and exclusive transactions in 5 sectors. This become more evident when we see the statistics about the transactions. Non-dominant flagship companies in the automobile and ship building industries and part of the flagship companies in electronic and SW industries show the characteristics that flagship companies have the low ratios of number of 1st and 2nd transaction companies having no other flagship companies as the trade partner-that is sole transaction ratio- and having transactions of more than 50% sales share with the flagship companies-that is exclusive transaction ratio-. These means that there are growing weak and open transactions ie. the diversified transactions in these sectors. However, except these companies, most of the companies shows high sole transaction ratio of 70~80%. Other criteria of showing quality of diversified transaction, the ratios of 1st and 2nd transaction company numbers having transaction with more than one flagship companies are low, between 10 and 30%. These imply deficiency of diversified transaction. We need to differentiate policies according to difference of the degree of strong transactions and the technical bases for each industrial sectors. In the sectors such as software and electronics where companies specially needs weak transactions ie. the diversified transactions to improve the technical potential using the wide range exchange of ideas, we use the policies to improve the chances of diversified transactions. We also need the policies preventing plunder by flagship companies and inducing win-win partnership by expanding the ledge of diversified transactions in all sectors.
The Analysis on the Revitalization of Traditional Markets by Onnuri Gift Vouchers
  • - Byung In Lim (Chungbuk National University)
  • - Jai Hyung Yoon (Andong National University)
[Abstract]
This paper investigates revitalization effects of Onnuri gift vouchers based on a survey. The survey produces that an introduction of Onnuri gift vouchers increases sales per day and the number of customers, from a perspective of sellers. Moreover, it shows that 28.04% of the increase in sales is attributable to the introduction of Onnuri gift voucher. The linear regression analysis shows that Onnuri gift voucher membership has a positive effect on sales per person and the average daily number of customers. Also both Logit and Probit model show that the existence of a merchant organization itself increases the possibility that the sellers become the Onnuri gift voucher member. As for users¡¯ view, holders of Onnuri gift vouchers visit the traditional markets more often than the non-holders from the linear regression results. In conclusion, the Onnuri gift voucher is an important tool to help the traditional markets to increase their sales in the short run. These imply that the policy maker should strengthen both the lock-in effect of the Onnuri gift voucher and the image improvement policy for the traditional market simultaneously so as to enhance and keep its revitalization effect in the long run.
A Research on Support, Justice and Trust in Franchise: Focusing Moderation Effect of Entrepreneurial Orientation
  • - Ji-Cheol Jeong (Soongsil University)
  • - Ju-Young Park (Soongsil University)
  • - Jae-Won Yoo (Soongsil University)
[Abstract]
Due to rapid quantitative growth in recent franchise industry, overall relational quality of this industry still has not been improved. The most crucial part in qualitative growth is to form a long-term relationship rather than a short-term relationship among franchisers, franchisees, and customers, which is why we need a research model unlike relative quality research, which considers and integrates franchisee's circumstances just as existing research. Therefore, this research has built a comprehensive research model on the effect of franchisers' support on franchisees' perceived justice (distributive, procedural, interactional), which resulted in enhancing franchisees' trust in their franchisers. We also investigate the moderating roles of franchisee's entrepreneurship orientation, as a personal resource, in the links between franchisers' support and franchisees' trust.
The results show that franchisee's organizational support has significant and positive effects on different types of franchisee's justice. We also found that the positive effects of justice perceptions on franchisee's trust. Surprisingly, moderating effects of entrepreneurship on the links among franchiser's support and franchisee's trust through various justices are positive and significant as we expected.
The implication of the research is that continuous related activity and support is essential in terms of managing in between franchisor-franchisee relationship, including fair distribution ranging from establishment to operation management, specific role set and distributive justice about distinct responsibility and franchisor's interactional justice among information, support and honesty since franchisee considers those as critical matters. Afterwards, in order to strengthen franchisee's trust, it is essential for the justice in between franchisor and franchisee to make a close communication, construct a desirable fair system process, and make an effort in understanding the relationship.
A Study on Historical Review and Evaluation of the Achievements of the First Venture Boom
  • - Minhwa Lee (KAIST)
  • - Sun Choi (KAIST)
[Abstract]
The government and industry have been working hard to create a second venture boom to implement the Korea¡¯s creative economy. A superior strategy is needed to troubleshoot the problems of growth and employment and help bring about a second venture boom; anything short of that will fail to revive the venture industry. The starting point for any such policy must come from the historical evaluation of, and proper reflection upon, the first venture boom in 2000. Through this process of analysis, the positive lessons can be utilized, and the problems with the original model fixed, so that a second venture boom can be nurtured in Korea.
In early 2000, Korea formed a world-class venture ecosystem, closely followed by the United States. Prior to this venture boom, a new market KOSDAQ was launched in 1996, just the second of its kind in the world, led by the Government and the Korean Venture Business Association which had been established in 1995. The government also enacted the Venture Special Act to lay a strong foundation for fostering the venture industry. At the time, the Internet revolution and the global IT boom resulted in a surge in NASDAQ and the KOSDAQ also benefited from this boom, mirroring the world economic paradigm that began in the 1990s and reflecting the transition from a production economy to the creative economy. Indeed, the first venture boom led by Public-private joint policy in Korea made a vital contribution towards overcoming the unprecedented IMF crisis in 1997. However, when the global IT bubble collapsed in 2001, it took NASDAQ and KOSDAQ with it, and signaled the end of the venture boom. The original venture boom caused many social phenomena, including the birth, growth, and disappearance of a number of ventures.
After Korean government announcing so-called ¡°the Venture Rehabilitation Policy¡± in 2002, Korea¡¯s venture ecosystem entered into recession. Partial market failure has boosted the economic failure of the government badly. In the mean time, the U.S. market has gone through a natural adjustment period; since 2003, the NASDAQ has been restored, but KOSDAQ is still suffering. The policy led by government can be part of the cause of difference between the stock index of the two new market.
The purpose of this study is to try to assess the performance and evaluation of the historical significance of the first venture boom in terms of the economic paradigm of transition. It will also evaluate historically how the first venture boom and subsequent measures have changed the landscape of Korea¡¯s venture ecosystem. The research method is to analyze the economic performance of venture companies in terms of their revenues, added values. Their numerical data will provide the objective evaluation of this study. The results will show that the first venture boom reflects the transition of the economic paradigm to the creative economy, and the KOSDAQ and the Venture Special Act have played a key role in forming a venture boom. However, the conservative venture policies of the government after the first venture boom has weakened the venture ecosystem and delayed the transition to the creative economy. On the other hand, through this period called ¡°the ice age of ventures,¡± the growth of the numbers of venture companies has led Korea¡¯s economic growth as well as creating new jobs. Accordingly, the policy of the second venture boom should be composed of two parts: 1) policies designed to restore the ecosystem of the first venture boom, 2) additional supplemental policies to reflect new realities in the economy.
The Effects of Strategy of Private Equity Fund (PEF) on Performance
  • - Chester Kim (Hanyang University)
  • - Jae-Seok Lee (Hanyang University)
  • - Sang-Myung Lee (Hanyang University)
[Abstract]
Recently, there is a general consensus in Korea that Private Equity Fund plays a considerably important role on corporate performance. However, there is currently inadequate data to support the argument. After 10 years since its introduction, the PEF in Korea has now entered the growth phase, starting the investment exit. While the Korean government is relaxing regulations in order to vitalize the M&A market, qualitative growth in the PEF market is expected through intensifying competition. However, there is currently inadequate evaluation through substantive data analysis about whether domestic PEF has effects on corporate performance, and if so, what type of characteristics and strategy of PEF can have effects on corporate performance. Therefore, this study has conducted a survey on 71 fund managers and was able to verify that takeover strategy and ownership in entry strategy and aggressive strategy in operations strategy have a correlation with the corporate performance. The result of this study has significance as an empirical analysis to investigate the operation state of PEF which provides implication to the study on the correlation between PEF and corporate performance in the future.
A Study on the Determinants of Operational Performance of Business Incubator(BI): Focused on Incubating Services and BI Characteristics
  • - Kyu Tae Kwak (Honam University)
  • - Se Kyoung Choi (Korea Small Business Institute)
[Abstract]
We empirically studied the impact of incubating programme and business incubator operation (operational subjectivity, location and specialization) to start-up companies' sales growth and labor environment. Main variables, such as educational support, business consulting, technological base and marketing channel were positive to start-up's sales growth. However, the relationships between main variables and hiring rates were not significant. Furthermore private finance based incubators, were less influential than public organizations. Specialization strategy of business incubators was negative to incubating performance (sale growth and labor environment of start-ups). This paper indicates that multiple side of business incubators by testing empirically the relationship between operational characteristics and organizational performance.
Effect of Knowledge Sharing via Instant Messaging Use on Employees¡¯ Innovative Behaviors and Performance
  • - Seung-Nyoung Baek (Korea National Defense University)
[Abstract]
Although many companies are using Instant Messaging (IM) systems as a corporate communication tool, there still exists some dispute regarding the effect of IM on performance. Existing research suggests that the use of IM helps employees strengthen social network or stimulate knowledge sharing. The other research indicates the role of IM use on team performance by facilitating interpersonal communication. However, less specific and systematic investigation has been conducted on the effect of IM on performance in organizations. Conceptualizing IM use as knowledge sharing via IM, this study hypothesizes that knowledge sharing via IM use increases employees¡¯ innovative behaviors (incremental innovation and radical innovation). This study also investigates the effect of each innovative behaviors on individual performance. Results from the online survey using employees in various U.S. companies show that knowledge sharing via IM increases employees¡¯ innovative behaviors and incremental innovation facilitates employees¡¯ performance. This study also finds radical innovation has negative influence on individual performance by increasing inefficient behaviors. However, it could not find significant, direct effect of radical innovation on employees¡¯ performance. Theoretical and practical implications are presented.
Study on a Plan for the Activation ofNorth Korean defectors¡¯s Start-up of Business Based on the D.I.K. Model
  • - Bong-Hyun Cho (IBK Economic Research Institute)
  • - E-Sub Choi (Korea Asset Management Corp)
  • - Jung-Min Nam (Dankook University)
  • - John-Ho Lee (Dankook University)
[Abstract]
This research proposes a new model for the activation support North Korean defectors seeking to promote entrepreneurship and startup. Although there are many North Korean defectors settle a support system, activation policies for startup is still inadequate situation. The establishment of North Korean defectors who have the enthusiasm of startup and the ideas is an important task of preparing a successful induction. North Korean Defectors are often fails jumped into the establishment without preparation. The startup supporting programs for North Korean defectors focused largely on education in the class. And then there is no substantial startup support and recovery support when they failure. For a successful startup of North Korean defectors, The package (Education¡æDoing¡æRecovery support) support program should be established. D.I.K. model be made of Jeffrey Timmons (Jeffry Timmons) as reference. The conjunction of educational institution (DanKook) and financial institution (IBK) and Government public institution (KAMCO) is a program to support startup education and commercialization of recovery support for North Korean defectors. At the core of this business model is the planning and startup commercializing facing the startup scene of North Korean defectors. D.I.K. model is totally startup education, startup incubating, startup financing, and startup recovery support system. To activate defectors founded by the D.I.K. model defectors customized startup knowledge-sharing projects, defectors founded Mentor-stage configuration, and an incubating system installed, North Korean defectors founded specialized funding schemes established, defectors founded on failure recovery support Policies such as this will be backed.
The Limitations of tax Incentives to Make SMEs attractive to the Youth
  • - Sung-Ook Park (Kyung Hee University)
  • - Young-Hoon Kim (Kyung Hee University)
  • - Young-Saing Kim (KRIVET)
[Abstract]
There is an employment mismatch where the youth suffer from unemployment and SMEs face shortage in job applicants. This study suggests a tax incentive to increase youth employment in SMEs. We examine the tax issues related to supporting youth employment in SMEs and provide tax policy recommendations.
First, we recommend tax deduction on SMEs that increase wages in line with increases in the minimum wage. Minimum wage increases would also benefit workers paid above the minimum wage and constant wage increases may address the greatest concern of the youth in working for SMEs-low wages. Reducing the SMEs' burden on higher wages through tax credit can lead to more youth employment in SMEs.
Second, we recommend special tax deduction on social insurance premiums due to increased employment. Korea does not offer tax deduction for social insurance premiums due to increased employment but offers tax deduction for social insurance premiums due to increased employment for SMEs. However, due to overlap with tax deduction on increased employment it will not likely be effective. Therefore, a special tax deduction on social insurance premiums should be considered in addition to tax deduction on increased employment.
Third, we recommend adding employment related conditions to other existing tax incentives. For example, tax deductions for SMEs moving out of the overcrowded Seoul Metropolitan Area could add conditions on youth employment, thereby increasing youth employment in rural areas.
Organizational and Operational Phenomenons of High-speed growing Small Business Ventures: The Case of HUMAX Ltd.
  • - Choonwoo Lee (University of Seoul)
  • - Yong Hoon Lee (Humax Holdings Co. Ltd)
[Abstract]
This case help you learn the various issues or problems of fast growing business venture and analyse the causes of those organizational issues. Especially, this case has focused on the organization growth phenomenon of HUMAX from 2001 to 2004. You can find several growing pains of fast growing small and medium enterprise(business venture). This case will facilitate the students to analyse some causes of organizational crisis, and find optimal solutions. Also, this case help the students recognize that the founder need to change his/her managerial style from Entrepreneurial manager to professional manager.
A Case Study on K-Entrepreneurship of Ju-Young, Chung with the Examples of K-Management: Evolution of Hyundai based on the Model
  • - Chong Jae Lee (aSSIST)
  • - Ki Chan Kim (The Catholic University of Korea)
[Abstract]
Globally, there is growing apprehension that the recent slow economic growth will continue in the same path. In particular, there are warning signs of a long depression coming in South Korea's economy. Known as the Miracle on the Han River,' South Korea carries this monumental time period in its history books showing the nation's rapid industrialization and technological achievements, along with its education boom in a short period of time. A number of economists agree that this success was based on South Korea's entrepreneurs. In that, they argue that the absence of entrepreneurship and strategic responsiveness against potential risks are the main factors of South Korea's current depressing economy.
As a part of the social organism, a corporation should think of long-term sustainability. In other words, it is a dangerous idea that corporations think only of short-term profit. In the long run, the strategic and practical accessibility is important for achieving its sustainable development.
Ju-young Chung, a founder and chairman of Hyundai Group, is considered the smartest entrepreneur in South Korea. For fifty years, he has shown that his leadership was successful to make a balance of ¡®creativity¡¯, ¡®marketability¡¯ and ¡®productivity¡¯ which are difficult to maintain in the marketplace.
This study suggests the practical model of four elements that enable corporations to be sustainable in the long-term. It also stirs up the issue of decreasing the number of emerging firms and increasing the number of corporations that focuses on only short-term benefit. Specific examples will be given to show what kinds of corporations are able to be sustainable in the market.
This study also suggests that entrepreneurship and sustainability are the main keys to recover from the low economic growth. Support of this argument will be drawn from the Hyundai Group's business paradigm during the time span Ju-young Chung has led the company. The case of Hyundai Group shows to both current and entrepreneurs-to-be the importance of entrepreneurship in that the individual leader can achieve a number of business projects. Of course, there were counterforces against Mr. Chung in every single project, but he had overcome them with his creativity and challenging persistence.
This study concentrates on the entrepreneurship of Ju-young Chung who had considered the numerous crises as opportunities to endure and overcome. Furthermore, by introducing 'Miracle on the Han River' and drawing other examples such as building the Gyeongbu Expressway, the attractions set forth in the 1998 Seoul Olympic, among others, entrepreneurs and a strong business philosophy can make the national economic change for the better.