The purpose of this study was to identify the reasons of female entrepreneurs' business start-up based on the taxonomic approach. Our analysis was conducted with data from 62 women business owners in venture industry. The cluster analysis of the three dimensions of start-up reasons resulted in three groups: independent firm-operation, utilizing favorable circumstances, and overcoming difficulties. These groups shows significantly differences in position in embedded organization, social network in key customer relationships, work and family conflict, and perceived firm performance among the network groups. Finally, some limitations are discussed.

It is very important to analyze the influence of the utilization of logistics information system (LIS) on the logistics performance for developing the effective LIS. Despite the growing significance, our current understanding of this issue is quite because few researches have been studied on it.
In contrast to the pervious studies, we conceptualize the utilization of LIS as five factors and the logistics performance as six factors in a comprehensive perspective. And we examine how the utilization variables of LIS, influenced by their antecedents affect logistics performance variables.
We perform a multiple regression analysis to examine the links among three antecedents, the five utilization mediators of LIS, and six logistics performance factors. The empirical results confirm that most of the utilization factors of LIS positively influence logistics performance. Furthermore, three antecedent dimensions affect the utilization mediators of LIS.
The empirical results indicates that the proposed model can explain the relationship between LIS utilization and logistics performance as simple and comprehensive ways.
Finally, this study provides managerial implications that suggest ways firms can manage organizational resources to improve logistics performance and LIS utilization.

Since 1990s, the Japanese economy has been experiencing the severe stagnation due to the burst of bubbles. The bankruptcies of the major companies and M&A among the leading banks became the social tasks to be handled with. Especially, the small businesses, which take about 78% of total number of companies and about 26% of the employees nationwide, has shown the decreasing trend since 1994.
The study is based on the site survey of the small businesses management by women around Tokyo metropolitan city. The study shows there are severe difficulties on the business such as ever-decreasing sales volume, shortage of demands, increasing burden of taxes and other utility costs. Like the agriculture sector, the small businesses managed by women has the special problems of hidden underemployment without payback and unstable labor supply. Due to these facts, they do not want to succeed in their children, resulting the possible discontinuity of the business, against the generation-continuous tradition.

Since the financial crisis when most of the local banks were forced to shut down, there has been rising an asymmetry problem in the korean financial market, particularly at local provinces. Small and medium-sized enterprises operating at the local provinces where local banks have survived showed easier accesses to bank loans than those without local banks. Construction of the regional financial system is essential for financing small and medium-sized enterprises ailing from short of money and vitalizing local economy. For this, the principle of a-local-bank-in-a-province should be restored, which is necessary for financing local small and medium-sized enterprises and for building the regional innovation system as well.

Although Internet shopping malls in Korea are prospering with a strong business momentum, small and medium size Internet shopping malls are still suffering from low margin due to weak bargaining power and ineffective back-office operations. In Internet shopping malls, their inherent dynamics and digitally enabled operations put more challenges on their merchandisers. More dynamic and proactive merchandising strategies are much more effective to Internet shopping malls. In this respect, this paper presents an intelligent merchandising system for small and medium size Internet shopping malls. First, the merchandising processes are hierarchically designed. Then, autonomous agents for supporting and automating the processes are identified and defined. Finally, the framework of an intelligent merchandising agents system (IMAS) is proposed based on those agents. The application alternatives and practicability issues are discussed with a case study in a typical Internet shopping mall.

The objectives of this study were two-fold. The first purpose of this study is to examine the structural relationships between market orientation, BSC and firm performance. The second purpose of this study is to examine the cause-and-effect relationships of BSC. To achieve this objective, 107 of Korea companies responded to a questionnaire. The questionnaire was designed using determinants from marketing and accounting literature. The data were analyzed by structural equation model.
The empirical result indicates that the proposed model fits the data pretty well. The findings can be summarized as follows: First, market orientation have a positive effect on learning & growth, internal business process, and customer performance. Second, learning & growth and internal business process was a positive effect on financial performance, but not statistically significant. In addition, customer performance was a positive effect on firm performance. Finally, it was verified to the linkage of cause-and-effect relationships between learning & growth and internal business process, and between internal business process and customer performance. This result is to examine interrelationships of business performance measures multi-dimensionally. Theoretical contributions, limitations, and future research directions are discussed at the end of the paper.

This study hypothesized a business incubating performance model in which incubating services rendered by business incubators (BI) affect the relation of business and technical environments of firms in the incubation centers (BI firms) and BI firms' performance. We investigated differences in the relation between BI firms' at two different incubators: BIs at universities (UBI firms) and Research Institutes (RBI firms). Variables of business and technical environments, BI firms' performance and BIs' incubating performance were factored and analyzed. The results showed that UBI firms expressed that their financial measures are associated with environments; RBI firms evaluated innovation performance is related with environments. Overall, UBI firms observed technical environments less stable and, therefore, evaluated more sensible incubating services rendered by BIs.

TheThis paper analysed the differences in need of women-owned businesses in Korea for consulting assistance in each of the four life cycle stages(that is, start-up, early growth, later growth and maturity stage) and in terms of the type of entrepreneurship(that is, opportunistic or technical). The 296 Korea women business owners were drawn at random from the membership directory of Korean Women Entrepreneurs Association. The findings indicated there were differences in the need for consulting services across the growth stages as they move from the start-up to the maturity stage and by entrepreneurship type. And, there were found some statistically significant differences in consulting assistance needs across their growth stages between two types of entrepreneurship.
Some guidelines for practicing women-owned businesses as a result of this would include; the first, it is important to identify what stage of business growth stage the women business owner is in and certain consulting assistances are likely to occur at different growth stages; the second, women business owners might be prepared effective managerial methods for successive businesses across growth stages.

This paper explores an economic rationale for the relationships between entrepreneurship and economic growth. Technology has been stressed as a main factor to stimulate growth rate. The endogenous growth theory emphasizes specially the role of technology which is determined endogenously within market economy. A scientific technology or knowledge is not automatically applied into the production process. There needs someone who connects innovative technologies and industries. An adaptation of the potential technology requires somewhat risk and uncertainty. Entrepreneurs take an innovative technology to pursue excess profits even though they are faced with risk and uncertainty from the unperceived chance.
Recently, Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) has put an important hypothesis that higher entrepreneurship makes higher growth rates. However, the report did not give any economic rationale for the clue of the relationships between entrepreneurship and growth. The objective of this paper is to examine what a rationale works between them by employing the modern growth theory. Three approaches are used. First, the variable of entrepreneurship is directly plugged into the Solowian growth model. Second, Aghion and Howitt model, combing endogenous growth model and Schumpeter's innovation, is useful to explore it. Last, Romer's model is slightly reinterpreted by introducing the role of entrepreneurship.

This study investigated how the performance of the Internet business is affected by such factors as strategy, technology, superiority in competition, and switching barrier. Carrying out a few surveys, we built some research models to acquire a practical result; we concluded that strategy is the most significant element for a successful business on the Internet. Understanding the trade-offs between Internet and traditional approaches, and then setting up a distinctive strategy with others, internet companies will possibly be a strong competitor in the industry. The Internet will be a forceful tool to prevail in the industry only when the Internet is fused with a company-wide strategy.

This paper examines the nature of current competition in the world footwear industry and provides Korean footwear firms with strategic options for surviving as a value-adding sector in the Korean economy. From the perspective of global commodity chain, the world footwear market is characterized as having just entered the third phase of competition. In this context, development strategies of the Korean firms should be focused on moving to higher value-adding nods or reinforcing competitive edge of each nod in the global commodity chain. This scenario will be realized through strengthening technical innovation, relocating manufacturing plants overseas and initiating own-brand marketing.

Currently, many companies have invested in IT and made efforts to implement EC to strengthen their competitive base. However, not all companies, in particular the Small and Medium sized Enterprises (SMEs) have fully utilized the IT and EC in spite of the estimation that EC would provide many advantages such as decreasing transaction costs and enlarging the market(Jang Heng Sun, 1999). In order to expand the utilization of internet based EC in SMEs, it is necessary to improve the understanding of EC utilization in SMEs by analyzing which specific factors are affecting the utilization of EC. This study shows that perceived benefit and organization's IS commitment are significantly related to the utilization of EC, especially CEO's characteristics and vendor's support were turn out to be very important factors.

The purpose of this study is to represent the relationship between problems, which cause to bring crisis, and dominant activities for success in venture business. Result of research are summarized as follows ;
First, the seven problems factors that can bring the crisis in venture business are categorized such as;financial management problem, sales/marketing problem, production/operation management problem, human resource management problem, organization system problem, problem in role of CEO, and external organization problem. and It was found that six dominant activity factors for success in venture business ; human/organization activity, marketing activity, financial activity, production/operation activity, strategic estimation activity, and supplier relationship activity.
Second, The negative correlation is shown between problem factors group and activity factors group.
Finally, Within problem factors, The significant difference is shown in entrepreneurship process;sucess, failure, and start-up, such as sales/marketing problem, organization system problem, and external organization problem. and Within activity factors, The significant difference is shown in entrepreneurship process;sucess, failure, and start-up, such as human/organization activity and marketing activity.