This study explores how the resources and capabilities of gas stations may be linked to differential performance of gas stations. Specifically, the purpose of this study is to empirically examine the relationships among resources and capabilities, distinctive competences, and performance in gas stations. Delphi analysis is used to identify the critical resources and capabilities that influence competitive advantage or performance of gas stations. A research model of this study is developed based on the results of Delphi analysis and is presented in which resources and capabilities are treated as components of competence. Thus, this research model is designed to test both the direct effect of resources and capabilities and the mediating effect of competences on gas station performance. The results show that several resources and capabilities have the direct effects on performance and most of the distinctive competences also have the mediating effects on performance. Theoretical and practical implications from the results are discussed.

In the age of sensitivity and digital works, design not only affects the quality of human life but also works as the enterprise’s strategy for survival. In this study, a questionnaire was used to identify the current conditions of design management in Korean illuminator manufacturing enterprises and to inquire on its setbacks. The results are as follows:
First, managers believe that professional design is required. This is because R&D and innovation through newly developed products is the key task in business management strategy, which multiplies the corporation's sale and profit through renovating its product image. As a result, adapting the design management strategy of small and medium enterprises is being considered crucial.
Next, since the companies are small and the chief executive makes all the design-related-decisions, every manager appeared ignorant concerning its strategic approach although they are familiar with the value of design. There needs to be a general understanding between the manager and the designer on the essence of both design and administration.
Lastly, without undergoing any type of systematical design process, the enterprises have been collecting foreign design trends and planning to utilize it. However, their endeavors are futile because they lack professional designers. For this reason, they must realize the importance of strategic use of design through an active managing mindset.
In order to construct a design management field only for small and medium enterprises in such a poor condition, a model that fits their situation and an index on the outcome of design management needs to be established.

In the 21 century of the global economy, to develop the country's industry, internationalization of enterprise is the core task. Foreign investments are being focused on China and other South East Asian countries. Recently, interest toward oversea expansions to Vietnam is increasing. This is due to the Vietnam government being tied into the investment attraction strategy and also because the investment circumstance in Vietnam seems to be promising.
Korea's small and medium businesses are also expanding its investments towards Vietnam's marginal businesses. However, the sponsoring system is still insufficient. Therefore, this research shows analysis on investment businesses in Vietnam, Vietnam's market's importance, investment circumstances and economic view, the causes of success and failure in investing, matters to be attended to investments, and etc. It clarifies the successful investment strategies, and draws out conclusions on improving the sponsoring systems and establishing information offering systems from the governments and enterprises view.

As social interest in problems caused by informatization has increased lately, the needs for information security come into the limelight. It is gradually conceived necessary not only for specific government agencies and enterprises that require a high level of security but also for all agencies and business firms as indispensable element. Especially for Small and Medium Enterprises with inferior supportive environments experiencing difficulty in making active investment into information security, the importance of efficient and effective investment into information security with limited resources are being stressed presently.
Accordingly, this study has developed an Information Security Management System(Information Security Support Environment, Information Security System, Information Security Operation Management) to build Small and Medium Enterprises information security effectively and efficiently, giving consideration to the characteristics of Korean Small and Medium Enterprises and the limits derived from existing information security-related studies, and verified it by using Statistic Method. It is expected that we would be able to analyze the weak points of Small and Medium Enterprises information security and provide basic data necessary for enterprises to establish information security environments.

This study aims to test the relation between firm characteristics and earnings quality. Earnings quality measure is the absolute value of discretionary current accruals. According to Dechow and Dichev(2002), there is (-) relation between earnings quality and the absolute value of discretionary current accruals.
Test period is from 2001 to 2003 and the samples are ed from non-public, manufacturing and audited firms. The empirical results show that there is the significant relation between firm characteristics and earnings quality. But the additional analysis shows that the relation is not linear but the results of regression come from a part of samples. The figure shows low earnings quality in the firms of small size, high leverage, high or low ROA, loss reporting. It implies that we can expect earnings quality from firm characteristics.

This study examines the effects of technological collaboration and external financing on the technological innovations of new ventures. To analyze the effects of the utilization of external resources, this paper collected data from 88 Korean new ventures and tested hypothesis on the key questions. Through the results of this study, the external resources have different impacts on the innovation of new ventures. Technological collaborations of new ventures have positively influences on the innovation. Private financing also have increased the innovations of new ventures. However, the utilization of government R&D subsidies have shown non-significant relationships with innovations. On time-lagged effect of external resources, only private financing impacts on technological innovation. Finally, this paper suggests some policy implications for the innovations of new ventures.

The purpose of this study is to examine the value relevance of R&D Expenditures using a regression based on the Ohlson model. Empirical analysis has been performed for non-banking venture firms(807 firm-years) listed over KOSDAQ during 2000-2004. We partition our sample into two groups based on whether firms fully or partially expense R&D expenditures. Under the Korean Accounting Standard, R&D expenditures are partitioned into an expensed research component, an expensed development component and a capitalized development component. We compare the value relevance of each R&D component between the groups. The result shows that the value relevance of each R&D component is significantly different between groups.

The promotion of industrial education universities are uted under the basic propensity of establishing a new industrial education system. It is based in local areas for the improvement of competition between industries and universities, and it is centered around the actual users.
In this research, among the promotions of the industrial education universities, we aimed to derive a direction that could be a guidance to the successful ution of detailed business which worked for the conversion to the industrial cooperative universities. Also it aimed to seek out for a political direction which can provide innovative capability of local companies.
More precisely, In this research, with the subject of companies of Chungbuk area, the actual analysis of the existing demands related to industrial cooperative education university establishment by each type of business was conducted. Through the actual analysis research on the demand relationship of currently unsolved issues on the establishment of industrial cooperative educational programs and the establishment of industrial cooperative system, we believed that we can provide meaningful suggestions regarding the establishment of the close cooperative system between industrial education universities.

This paper examines e-marketplace usage company's satisfaction is proposed to affect trust, commitment and consequently to influence long-term orientation. For this purpose, which used data from participating in the business-to-business e-marketplace companies, showed acceptable data-fit of proposed model and supported all of research hypotheses. The empirical results indicated that company satisfaction take significant effect on trust, and commitment, and the trust and commitment in turn have strong influence on long-term orientation. It was confirmed that both trust and commitment variables are effective mediators linking e-marketplace usage company's satisfaction and their long-term orientation. In depth discussion on implications, limitations, and future research directions were supplied.

This study aims to analyze 1) the relationships among innovativeness, learning orientation, market orientation, entrepreneurial orientation, organizational structure and performance and 2) a mediating role of learning orientation in the relationship between those antecedents and innovativeness. This study analyzed comprehensively existing studies of such constructs and designed a structural equation model to test the relationships. In order to test the model, covariance structural analyses were conducted for the data collected from 333 venture companies including Inno-Biz companies in Korea.
The results indicated several significant findings. First, marketing orientation and decentralization, respectively, has a significant effect on learning orientation, while entrepreneurial orientation and formalization, respectively, does not have. Second, learning orientation has a significant effect on innovativeness, which in turn has a significant effect on performance. Third, learning orientation plays a perfect mediating role in the relationships between market orientation, decentralization and formalization and innovativeness. The implications of these findings, further discussion, limitation of this study and future direction were suggested.

Whether the amount of R&D investment of companies is enough or not depends on competition, patent system of R&D, and etc.
The present paper estimates R&D profitability and productivity.
With respect to profitability, RoI of R&D of private companies was 19.7% while that of government/public companies was -5.1%.
With respect to productivity, the effect of technological progress on the productivity was estimated in 12 industries. The result is the rate of technological progress of metal industry was the highest in heavy industries because the metal industry needs advanced technologies.
The rate of technological progress of textile/leather industry was the lowest because technological progress needs to compensate for the decrease of labor.
For the present, volatility of the value of KRW is increasing. Also, industries in other developing countries are threatening Korean industries.
With this challenging environment, the only way for Korean small/medium sized companies to survive is technology innovation.

The degree of understanding innovation technology such as IOS and organizational IT readiness can be varied according to adopter's ability or self-efficacy to use information technology. For the different conditions in adopter or non-adopter, there may be some differences of influencing factors on the intention of IOS usage between adopter and non-adopter. In this point, the study attempts to find the differences of influencing factors between adopter and non-adopter and to identify the moderating effect of computer self-efficacy with various factors to intention of IOS usage. The result shows that there are some clear differences between adopter and non-adopter and computer self-efficacy with some factors(relative advantage, compatibility, complexity) has the moderating effect on the intention of IOS usage.

This study investigated on the change of importance with managerial factors of Korean business ventures by organizational stage. The results suggest that the importance of managerial factors change as organizational stage evolves. We can find that technological factors, human resources, entrepreneurs and financial factors have high importance in the early stage of ventures. And importance of strategy, sales, organizational environment, organizational processes grows with growth stage and mature stages. This study also investigated the differences of importance of managerial factors between high performance and low performance ventures. We can suggest that strategy could be critical at especially mature stage to contribute organizational performance. Also we investigated the difference of importance by IT and non-IT industry.