The objectives of this study are: firstly, it will provide baseline date on Korean small and medium business' middle managers' conflict management techniques. Secondly, it will determine of any relationship exists between overall effectiveness of SMB's middle managers and a particular MODE technique.
In order to determine which variables might explain differences in effective ratings a series of one-way ANOVAs was performed. Overall, the results indicated that there were on particular conflict managing technique which was appropriate across the category. The difference between the high effectiveness group and low effectiveness group was significant at the .05 level for only two variables: Collaborating rated by boss and Avoiding rated by boss. No conflict managing technique could be pinpointed from this analysis as being the "right technique" for the SMB's middle managers.
The ANOVAs seem to indicate that there is no general "best way" of managing the conflict situations faced by a manager. From this, it can be concluded that a contingent approach is supported approach is best for managing conflict. The contingent approach is supported by Waldman's findings that perceptions of what constitutes effective managerial behavior seem to vary by the position in the organizational hierarchy occupied by the individual who were asked to comment. The regression analyses which were conducted as the next step in the data analysis to prove this point somewhat. The model which resulted from the step wise regression where the independent variable was all scores for all five modes, contained four variables and explained 38 percent of the variance.
Also, the regression model seems to indicate that effective conflict managing technique for section managers is likely to include elements of Accommodating and Competing, the exact mixture of the two determined by the situation where the conflict is being managed. Also, effective technique is not likely to include Avoiding and which suggest that conflict should be confronted and dealt with.

The purpose of this study is to assess the overall operation and performance of Korean business incubators and to suggest possible government policies to systematically assist them.
For this purpose, this study examined the management abilities and support services of 134 respondents from a total of 142 incubators which Korea Small & Medium Business Policy Bureau approved as of 1999, through direct interviews with management and tenants using a structured questionnaire.
This study also developed two criteria-fitness and effectiveness-for the assessment as the incubators varied significantly in terms of type, founder, method of financing, and length of operation, etc.
The study concludes with some policy recommendations for both the readjustment of government support policies for business incubators and improving their operational effectiveness.

In this study, the effect of internal characteristics of small business owners on business success was investigated. Work motivation and ability were considered as the most important internal characteristics of small business owners in this study. To generate a model predicting success of small business, two variables indicating work motivation (Business role centrality and Satisfaction in business role)and two variables representing work ability (Business skill and Satisfaction in business management) were ed as predictor variables. To test the proposed model, part of data collected from 551 small business owners through Rural Development Initiative Project of the lowa State University was submitted for structural equation modeling analysis using LISREL. In results, business skill and satisfaction in business management were important factors affecting business success while role centrality and satisfaction in role were not significant factors influencing business success. Study results presented that internal characteristics of business owners were also an important determinant for success of small business, along with financial indicators.

The purpose of this study is to investigate what types of Third Party Logistics(TPL) strategies has existed and what factors influences on TPL strategic types. Also, the effect of those strategies on overall and logistics performance is investigated.
In survey, data were collected from 175 manufacturing firms, but only 69 responses were used to test the research issues. The results of this study can be summarized as follow;
(1) Four strategic types of TPL were identified: These are synergy oriented TPL strategy, cost oriented TPL strategy, service oriented TPL strategy and no-strategy. Identification of TPL strategic types is one of the major contribution of this paper. (2) Entrepreneurship and firm's size are significantly related to the ion of TPL strategy. (3) TPL strategies are significantly related to the financial and logistics service performance. These results suggest that the ion of TPL strategy should be based on firm's goals and internal capabilities. (4) The research issue about moderating effect of firm's size on the relationship between TPL strategy and performance is partially supported.

The small-and-medium-sized enterprises(SME) may have the skill and expertise to perform all of the tasks required to reach overseas customers themselves. Such commitment requires that a great deal of knowledge, effort, and manpower be committed to each market in which the organization does or wants to do business.
However, the SMEs may have management that lack the experience or confidence to launch and support a international logistics effort on their own. Rather, they rely on different kinds of intermediaries and facilitators to help them reach the international logistics.
The use of third-parties(i.e. freight forwarders) for international logistics involving ocean or air transport and so on was quite common. However, increasing corporate emphasis on such concepts as the integrated logistics management has led many companies to consider outsourcing the entire logistics process or, more commonly, ed activities within that process.

This paper examines the effects of liquidity on productivity growth in Korean companies over the period 1990-2000. Using a data set composed of annual observations on 185 firms, First, the production elasticities of liquid assets and other original inputs are estimated using regression methodology, and then the contributions of inputs to the productivity growth are estimated.
The empirical results show that the liquidities which firms retain play a great role in productivity growth in Korean manufacturing companies. It is also showed that especially in textiles & wearing, chemicals, and fabricated metal & machinery among 6 manufacturing industries, liquidities make more contributions to productivity growth than other original inputs such as physical capitals and materials.

It is important for small and medium-sized enterprises(SMEs) to strengthen their sales power through the recruitment and the training of excellent salespeople. The study recommends SMEs to recruit learning-oriented salespeople first and performance-oriented salespeople with high self-confidence second. The study also suggests SMEs' sales managers not to focus on short-term outcomes of the learning-oriented salespeople and to increase performance-oriented salespeople's self-confidence through encouragement and systematic support for sales activities.

Family business has a long history and it is a common type of business in the world.
As family is a brick and mortar in society, so family business is important to establish a stable economy. It is estimated that 90% of all businesses in the U.S.A. are family businesses and they produce over 50% of GDP. Family business has ambivalent attributes of family and business.
In U.S.A a lot of research papers on family business have been published since 1988 and in Korea a lot of those research papers have been published since 1997 by some home economists and other academics. In this paper, a state of the art such as general characteristics and topics content analysis of family business research are reviewed. Research agenda such as basic database through survey on family business, comprehensive establishment of conceptual and theoretical studies, definition of family business, case study and interdisciplinary approach to family business are suggested.

This paper examines the effect of permission system to employment on manufacturing SMEs using foreign manpower. The system may contribute a certain extent to promote interests of foreign manpower. However, it would exacerbate the current situation of SMEs' labor market and aggravate problems originated from using foreign manpower. This is primarily because the system will be compelled to operate under the quota system, since there exists enormous potential inflow of foreign manpower. The attempt than tries to limit foreign manpower to a socially desirable level would incur significant increase in labor costs of SMEs using foreign manpower, among other things. This is because the elasticity of SMEs' demand for foreign manpower is very low and smaller businesses. In particular, will bear higher cost increase because of their much lower elasticity of demand than those of other scales of businesses. Furthermore, it is likely that SMEs illegally using foreign manpower increase in large quantity because they would have no incentive to get permission and the system may also have negative impact on the unemployment problem of domestic labor market under such circumstances.

The credit loan appraiser's perceived recognition of relative importance between financial and non-financial information for small and medium firms was analyzed in this research. The financial and non-financial informations were classified into three factors each after factor analysis. In case of financial informations they were summarized into profitability and growth, stability, and the other factors. On the other hand, non-financial informations were summarized into future growth, present condition and the other factors.
The results show that credit appraisers recognized non-financial informations were more important than financial informations. In addition to this, non-financial informations were recognized more importantly in case of venture businesses than traditional small and medium businesses.
The further research topics are recommended. The first, the reasons why financial informations were less importantly handled than non-financial informations might be investigated. The second, for the extension of the results, sample space should be expanded to the various financial organizations. The third, firm size should be considered as a research variable to verify its effects for the credit appraisal decision making.

In this research, an internet survey was conducted to collect information on the perception of computer software users and suppliers on the intellectual property right in computer software. The survey information reveals their critical view against the problems in current legal institutions of intellectual property right.
Privy filling requirement for the indictment against infringement on intellectual property right is the dual-charactered institution. Its meritorious point is the ensured securement of property of intellectual property right holder when a case of property right infringement is apprehended. The weakness of current legal institution is the reliance on the criminal procedure in law enforcement. Current privy filing requirement system contains incentive effect to encourage illegal piracy.
High piracy rate in Korea despite public sentiment against illegal infringement on intellectual property right seems to indicate the unfulfilled improvement of legal institution to protect intellectual property right up to the level of public awareness. Attention is called for efforts to make steps forward from negative stance of staging anti-piracy campaign to more active stance to change legal institutional environment and rely more on civil lawsuit litigation, which enables more responsive protection of intellectual property right accordingly to property value.

This study investigated the effects of information technology(IT) network on the organizational structure, competitive strategy, and organizational performance. Interaction effects of IT network, organizational structure and competitive strategy were tested as predictors of organizational performance. The data were collected from 179 small and medium sized firms located in Daegu and Kyungbuk district area. Empirical results indicated that IT network was positively related to the organizational performance. It was also shown that the fit between IT network, organizational structure, competitive strategy was associated with organizational performance. Specifically, IT network was associated with organizational performance for decentralization and differentiation strategy. The implications of these findings, limitations, and future research directions were discussed.

Recently the environment of international trade has been rapidly changed since electronic commerce was introduced to international business. Especially internet provides international traders with a variety of marketing opportunities. In order to deal with this environmental change, small & medium export firms put every efforts to gain competitive advantage over other firms. Therefore, there is a prospect that the economic activities through the internet will be increased at the very rapid speed and world trade will be led by international trade through internet. However, international trade using internet still remains at the initial stage and disclose various barriers due to the lack of legal and systemic provisions and so on. In this regard, the main purpose of this research is to examine closely the barriers of international trade with the use of internet. Add to, the small & medium export firms' internet trade application realities at electronic commerce times in Pusan Area. So, I'd like to suggest some methods needed to strengthen the internet trade for the small & medium export firms in Korea.

According to 'The Survey on the Current Status of the Automobile Parts Industry in the Daegu-Gyeongpook Area' by Daegu Provincial Fair Trade Commission(2001), the status of unfair subcontract transaction is very serious. Consequently, the creation of fair subcontract transactions is a critical factor in strengthening competitiveness in this area. To attempt to resolve these problems, the FTC has intervened with the use of Monopoly Regulation and Fair Trade, Fair Subcontract Transaction Acts. But regulating more severely is inefficient in decreasing unfair trade practices because strategies of firms to choose unfair trading will be unchanged. Therefore the FTC has to utilize strategic operations of fair subcontract transaction policy to direct firms to choose fair trading.
There are two political means as follows : reduce incentives of opportunistic behavior, and increase incentives of fair trading behavior. The former includes such measures as controls based on law and institution, regular survey, tightening supervision toward unfair trading related downsizing, enlargement of the means of the settlement(transfering bills), etc. The latter includes such measures as incentives based on law and institution, building informal network, etc. In addition to these means, the will to observe the law and the attitude of trust between partners as developmental cooperators are very important to strengthen competitiveness.

This study is to develop its' political alternatives with making investigation into the 3D or dirty work and its' negative social recognition. To searching for the solving plans and devices for extremely lack of workforce in the 3D or dirty work of domestic small firms.
Consequently, the 3D or dirty work have been said that it is the occupation tainted notoriety reputation in physical perspective or the humble occupation. But it was not said that it is the occupation tainted a notorious title in moral and social perspective bad name.
In the side of enterprises, to be necessary the change and symbolic management into the good job, and an esteem-enhancing identity. Besides, to be specially importance 3D or dirty workers make every efforts to expanding into the recognitions of the good people doing good work.