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This case analyzed the efficiency of 79 R&D projects performed within one private
research center in machine tools industry. Samples are divided into product development,
Prior technology development, and control technology development. The key result
is that Prior technology showed the lowest efficiency because of high uncertainty.
It was so difficult to determine its goals and to make its specific plans. With respect
to scale, the proportions of CRS(constant returns to scale) were 34.6%, 14.3% and
39.8% for product development, prior technology, control technology respectively. As
for IRS(increase returns to scale), they were 53.8%, 85.7% and 38.9% for product development,
prior technology, control technology respectively. As for DRS(decrease returns
to scale) they were 11.5%, 0% and 22.2% for product development, prior technology,
control technology respectively. On the whole, in this case, insufficient input was more
problematic than excessive input, which means the lack of investment in R&D. Prior
technology can be the source of the future competitiveness of companies. To operate
inefficient DMU efficiently, the optimal input should be managed and it is derived from
comparison with the reference group.

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This study aims to investigate the effects of emotional leadership on subordinates’
job engagement in the service business. Also, we test the effect of self-efficacy on
the relationship between emotional leadership and employees’ work engagement. We
use a sample of 280 hair designers who are working at beauty shops with 5 or lower
employees. Results show that emotional leadership is positively related to subordinates’
self-efficacy. Also, subordinates’ self-efficacy has a positive relations to work
engagement. Emotional leadership is positively associated with subordinates’ work
engagement. Finally, the relationship between emotional leadership and subordinates’
work engagement is partially mediated by self-efficacy. Some implications are
discussed.

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The purpose of this study is to suggest the necessity of opportunity-driven startup
for the financial independence of North Korean Defectors and explore a realistic policy
directions to nurture it. It hopes to excite private and public interest for this unacknowledged
issue by coining the term 'Startup for Unification'.
In this context, this study carried out literature review and analysis on public and private
educational programs for startup currently given to North Korean defectors. In addition,
it examined the ideas and policy needs of entrepreneurs who are North Korean defectors
through a Focus Group Interview(FGI).
This study will provide academic and practical insight for supporting the North Korean
defectors' opportunity-driven startup considering that there are little academic discussions
regarding it, mostly focusing on necessity-driven startup.

This study is fostered through a learner's learning business skills and industry and
professor at the University of practical qualifications required in the field by minimizing
the differences between acquired at university. After the industrial employment in the
field of tax accounting practices at problem solving, industry, on-site practical problem
solving directly to the use that to allow efficient and effective practical teaching and
learning.
In this study, sustainable educational theory and models based on the quality of service
(gap)to improve teaching and learning gap analysis of lectures and learners for class.
An object of study and application classes are intended for second grades 40 tax
accounting information system management application of the subjects.
Class analysis assessment on self assessment tax accounting professional skills of
learner is prick in progress desired effect. Statistical hypothesis test results of the learner
assessment using after practice, practice, corporate tax practice income taxes compared
to class after class evaluation results will greatly enhance the job competency.
Skills and attitude of each element was assessed as positive. 2016 evaluation results
of the course evaluation score is 1.84 points as compared to 2015 80.25 points with
82.09 points improvement (or 2.29 percent). Industrial customer satisfaction evaluation
results in 2015 and about the job competency of the business input and transaction
value added tax report on an intern.

The objectives of this study is to identify the mediating effect of commitment to exporting
and adaptation strategy between past export performance and strategic advantage. In this
study, the role of past export performance as an antecedents on the commitment to exporting
and the relationship of adaptation strategy, such as product adaptation capability and market
adaptation capability, and strategic advantage were investigated in a structural model.
Looking at the current problems of SMEs in the export market from the process view, we
have searched for what kind of corresponding efforts are needed to be competitive in foreign
markets.
In order to achieve these goals, hypotheses were derived through literature review and
qualitative interview and empirical analysis was conducted on a sample of 613 export companies,
which includes validation and reliability test, confirmatory factor analysis, and covariance
structure analysis.
The results and implications are the following. First, it has been confirmed that the past
export performance and satisfaction as a performance indicator have a positive impact on
export commitment of top management. Second, the export commitment of top management
has a positive impact on adaptation strategies. Third, although the product adaptation capacity
has a positive impact on the strategic advantage, market adaptation capacity is not
expected to affect the strategic advantage.
This allows that the reason that small businesses may fail in the overseas market is due
to the lack of capacity to adapt to the market. To foster this capability, we summarize the
implications that one seek the best ways to adapt to the market.

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This study was aimed at analyzing the factors influencing the launching intention of
the home shopping MD in charge of the product planning and launching evaluation of
home shopping, and helping medium-small innovation product companies to advance
the home shopping and pioneer the market. For this, first, the characteristics of the
home shopping companies, home shopping MD, and medium-small innovative products
were apprehended which were 3 main agents of the home shopping broadcasting product
decision through the consideration of the advanced research. Second, to find the
factors influencing the launching intention of home shopping MD, the differences between
the purchasers' behavior model and consumers' behavior model moving in the
purchase organization were analyzed. It was revealed that while consumers did purchase
behavior according to the preference and attitude through the consumers' potential consciousness
by the marketing stimulus, the buyers in the purchase organization were
doing purchase behavior by the organizational, interpersonal, individual purchase standard
factor. The home shopping MD showed a difference from the buyers in the general
B2B purchase organization due to the nature of the home shopping broadcasting, they
did not launch many goods focusing on the new purchase but conducted all stages
of the purchase opinion decision consistently. Therefore, the factors influencing the
launching intention were divided into the broadcasting factor, supply factor, organizational
factor, and individual factor through the reliability and feasibility analysis from the
home shopping MD's point of view. The research model and hypothesis were set up
through each factor and a questionnaire was made through the conceptual definition
and the operational definition and an online survey was conducted through the email.
A hypothesis that every 4 factor would have a significant positive(+) effect on the launch-ing intention of the home shopping MD was set up.
It was revealed through the multiple regression analysis that the broadcasting factor
had the highest influence and the next highest influence was the organizational factor.
As the broadcasting factor and organizational factor showed a significant result, they
were adopted. As the individual factor and supply factor of the home shopping MD were
not significant, they were dismissed.
It was revealed through this study that the factors influencing the launching intention
were the demonstration feature, innovation feature, convenience which were proper for
broadcasting, and the design and quality that are shown in the broadcasting. Also, since
the organizational factor is more significant than the individual factor and supply factor,
suppliers of the medium-small innovative product need to concentrate on the internal
system, strategic situation, screening QA, and payment line for the new product launching
of the home shopping firms.
It is expected the study on the category-subdivided shopping MD will be activated
starting from the study on the factors influencing the launching intention of home shopping
MD and the sales of home shopping launching will be maximized rather than the
market pioneering following the home shopping launching, which will help the medium-
small innovative product pioneer the global world ultimately.
This study is significant in apprehending the factors influencing the launching intention
of the home shopping MD and this study is expected to raise the understanding of
the home shopping MD by securing more samples and to be quoted as a valuable material
in establishing the marketing strategy in the future.

Small enterprises are carrying out a key role for number of business and job creation
in Korean Economy, but compared to large companies, small companies are insufficient
in marketing capability. In this situation, I studied to improve efficiency of various marketing
support policies. At first I analyzed existing support policies associated with marketing,
drew a improvement plan based on analysis results, and investigated the perception
of small businesses for marketing support policy. And then I proposed integrated marketing
support service to improve efficiency of marketing support policy based on drawn
the improvement plan and the perception of small businesses.
To sum up integrated marketing support service, there are five stages, ion of
support target for marketing support service, identification of globalization level, marketing
diagnosis, marketing support, marketing performance management. The marketing
support service intend to support the companies to be a global company by making
positive feedback loop with continued marketing performance evaluation and support.
And for the substantial performance of integrated marketing support service, I classified
marketing support coverage into four categories, marketing funds, marketing manpower,
marketing planning, marketing implement, and proposed plan to link the major programs
by stage.

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