The aim of this study is to investigate the relationships of CEO's leadership and organizational culture. The questionnaire survey method was adopted to collect the data for this study. Middle managers and employees from 133 small firms were taken part in this study.
The major findings from this study are summarized as follow; first, the CEO's leadership of these firms is grouped into two classes as strong leadership and week leadership. Second, the firms with strong leadership have strong organizational culture than the firms with week leadership.
These findings give us some suggestions; First, it is useful to group the CEO's leadership into two classes as strong and week leadership. Second, the strong CEO's leadership would make the strong organizational culture.

This paper examines the effect of venture capital on the growth of software ventures through analysing the performance difference between venture and nonventure capital-backed firms. The financial data and others of 61 software firms were utilized for our empirical analysis of venture capital role in the progress of software venture businesses.
We find that the venture capital plays a positive role in the creation and growth of Korean software firms. Our first finding is that the software firms which received venture capital show the greater growth rate than nonventure capital backed-firms. Secondly, the performance of the software firms which received venture capital at the early stage is better than venture capital backed-firms at the later stage. Thirdly, the software firms which venture capitalists provide equity show the higher growth rate than others.

The study examined what the environmental management of small and medium sized firms is and the effects of the levels of recognition and operation on environmental management performance. To accomplish the purposes of this study, first, it reviewed that the contingent variables such as the pursuit of ISO 14000 certification, the existence of environmental management related organization and the type of business(manufacturing/non-manufacturing firms) could affect the level of recognition and operation of environmental management. Second, the level of recognition of environmental management and the degree of operation of environmental management could be matched together or not. Thirdly, the degree of operation of environmental management could affect the environmental corporate performance.
The results of this research were as follow. First, the pursuit of ISO 14000 certification, the existence of environmental management related organization and manufacturing firms better recognized and operated the environmental management than not the pursuit of certification, no existence of organization and non-manufacturing firms.
Second, the level of recognition of environmental management and the degree of operation of environmental management were not matched together.
Third. the degree of operation of environmental management did affect the environmental corporate performance.
In conclusion, these results will be helpful to establish the management strategy of environmental management for small and medium sized firms and the policy of environmental management for government.

This study investigates the antecedent variables that could affect the intention to participate in the strategic alliance in the context of small and medium-sized companies. The antecedent variables refer to the ones being external and internal to the company. The external variables include strength of competition, product life-cycle, economies of scale, and market stability in terms of inputs and outputs. The internal variables include the competitiveness of an individual company in terms of the overall unique competence, manufacturing capabilities, R&D capabilities, and marketing capabilities.
Hypotheses were developed and tested for the small and medium-sized companies in Taejon and Choongchung area. It was found that the intention of strategic alliance was high when the companies were faced with a short product life-cycle, when they were in need to achieve economies of scale, and when they perceived to have unique competence, strong R&D capabilities, and weak marketing capabilities.

Individual characteristic has been considered as a prime factor for entrepreneurial behavior and intentions. This study explored the relationship between three individual characteristics, need for achievement, internal locus of control, and self-efficacy, and entrepreneurial intentions.
Using the sample of 173 male employees in 20 small firms of architectural design, entrepreneurial intentions were found to be significantly associated with need for achievement, internal locus of control, and self-efficacy. The results of regression analysis revealed that each of three individual characteristics variables explained unique portion of the variance in entrepreneurial intentions. These results were consistent with those of researches performed in foreign countries. and confirmed the importance of individual characteristics of entrepreneur for entrepreneurship.

The purpose of this research is to identify the basic characteristics of microbusiness(MB) in Korea. For this research, distributions of various characteristics of MB of Korea are examined. Those characteristics examined include industry type, employee(sex. number etc), organizational characteristic, and regional distribution. The analysis revealed: MB is dominant in number; workers in MB account for some 38% of total workers in industry; 44.7% of the total MBs is one-person-run business entity; Most of the MBs are in non-manufacturing industries. The socioeconomic implications of these statistics are discussed. This paper is the first one of this kind.

The purpose of this survey research is to evaluate whether the Small Business Development Center in Korea, established in February 1999, achieves its intended goals. The survey result indicates that the visitors to the SBDC are satisfied with providing Service. Some of them were unsatisfactory with credit evaluation process. The service of the SBDC are said to contribute to sales growth, and employment generation through start-ups of microbusiness. Factors for customer satisfaction in the SBDC service include kindness, specialized knowledge, loan courteous treatment of visitors, atmosphere of the center, devotion of the counselor to the visitor's problems, and consolation.

This paper examines the empirical cross-sectional relationship between economic value added and market value added for KOSDAQ firms. It does so because of recent claims that EVA is a better measures for use by firms in internal planning and control activities than, say earnings. If such is the case then, presumably, we would expect that EVA has a stronger association with market value than, for example, earnings. We conclude that the relationship between EVA and market value is by no means perfect. Nonetheless, EVA has a stronger association with market value, in conjunction with RD expenditures and opening and closing book value, than does earnings in conjunction with RD expenditures and closing book value. As a consequence, the capital charge element of EVA does appear to add explanatory power to equation involving merely earnings, RD expenditures and closing book value. My view, therefore, would be that the evidence presented in the paper provides some support for advocates of the use of EVA for planning and control.

This study focused on the effect of two exchange conditions of long-term market transaction to partner, such as strategic compatibility and complementarities of relative capabilities on long-term market transaction. We reconceptualize long-term orientation in buyer-seller relationships as a dyad exchange construct, symbiotic long term market transaction. As predictated, complementarity of relative resources and strategic similarity were related to symbiotic long-term transaction relationship. Based on these findings, we discussed the additional role of organizational compatibility and resource complementarity in the formation and development of symbiotic alliance.

The impact of supply chain restructuring to analyzed from reviewing the case of LPC. Case data from LPC's supply chain restructuring process are presented in detail. LPC's supply chain project could enhance the competitiveness of the supply chain management through a series of analyses and restructuring of the supply chain. The project team's activities include 1)restructuring the supply chain network. 2)redesigning the processes, 3)establishing partnership with other organizations 4)postponement, and 5)improving the information system capabilities. All of these approaches seem to show the "complementarity effect" that enhance the effectiveness of the whole supply chain performance collectively improving responsiveness with reduced inventory level. With this case observation we can expect the potential benefit from restructuring and integrating the supply chain. But further research in necessary to confirm these results because of the limited aspect of observation.

This study is based on the survey of financial performance in manufacturing in women-and men-owned small businesses. After the factor analysis of 15 financial ratios, it classified them by 5 main factors including productivity, liquidity, growth, profitability and leverage indicator.
The t-test analysis shows that women-owned businesses are as likely as men-owned businesses in financial performance. The results showed women business owners hold the same capability just as men business owners in manufacturing sector.

Small businesses have relative importance for national economy. They build up the foundation for a stable, continuous economic growth, and balanced development. Also, they have the role of the social and economic stability with respect to the redistribution of wealth through increasing employment creation. Specifically, as noted previous study, the effectiveness of tax-aid system for the small firms in Korea is lower than medium ones.
Therefore, this paper has devoted attention to the effectiveness of tax-aid system for the small firms in Korea. For the purpose of this study, we separate the firms into medium and small ones.
Therefore, this paper has devoted attention to the effectiveness of tax-aid system for the small firms in Korea. For the purpose of this study, we separate the firms into medium and small ones.
On the basis of the results in this research, the findings of this paper have practical suggestions which provide for the tax authority. First, by the results of hypothesis 1-2, the tax authority should be rearrange the tax-aid system which is related to small firms. Specifically, as the tax-exemption and after-the-fact systems are complex under the current tax code, tax-aid system should be simpler than ever for improving the effectiveness of tax-aid system for small firms. Second, for improving the effectiveness of tax-aid system for small firms, the tax-exemption rate should be increased. Finally, the tax authority should encourage to educate managers of small business of how society's requirements can be assisted by technical tax, and systems.

The purpose of this research is to analyze satisfaction of counselors of Small Business Development Centers in Korea and their suggestions for service improvements. A survey was conducted in October, 1999. The results of the analysis indicates that the counselors were satisfied with the work they perform with high degree but were not satisfied very much with the work compensation and job securities. The areas of services to be reinforced for service improvement include support for start-up, location analysis, marketing, fund source, store renovation, and customer treatments. Reinforcement of education programs for counselors was said to be necessary for the better service for customers.

This study presents a theoretical analyzes of the changes from dualistic to cooperative relationships between parent companies and subcontracting systems in Japan.
In order to determine which theory can be used to appropriately explain changes to the subcontracting systems, this study analyzes the relationships using transaction cost, intermediate organizational, and network organizational theories, as well as vertical integration and outsourcing strategies.
The results point to that applying the concepts of network organization to the Japanese subcontracting system present a relevant explanation of system changes.
Therefore, the relationship between parent companies and subcontractors in Japan, as apparent in the construction and reliance on mutual interfirm networks, points to how these companies use the flexibility of interfirm networks to respond to dynamic environmental changes, resulting in improved international competitiveness of Japanese companies.

The impact of monetary shock on the money and commodity markets is performed with VAR methodology. The result obtained from an empirical study shows that the M2 money, regardless of nominal or real term, has stronger effectiveness in increasing in the level of price than the M1 money does. Based upon the outcome of forecasting error variance decomposition, the real term seems to keep up the stability in transmitting its effectiveness. Cumulative impulse response also supports it by providing that the real M2 money is the most stable, and the nominal M1 money is the second. If implies that the manipulation of the M2 money should to be elaborately taken to maintain stable transmission processes. It also has to be mentioned that the interest rate is most highly sensitive in changing of money supply than any other ones among endogenous variables such interest rates, gross investment, and national income.