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Many countries have promoted innovation potential of small and medium enterprises(SMEs). They have recognized the limits of their effort for the development of national economy that was based on big enterprises. Therefore they have promoted SMEs' innovation potential under the motto of "modernization of economy". One of the successful countries is Germany. It has been world-wide well-known for its technology-intensive SMEs. German SMEs have been very competitive in international markets, especially based on its innovation activities. They are regarded as a backbone of the German strong economy and often called as "hidden champion", because they have been very hesitant to explicitly show themselves in international markets. The high innovation capabilities of German SMEs have been significantly influenced by the German national system of innovations, which are very friendly and helpful to SMEs. Therefore, this paper analyzes the German national innovation systems for SMEs.
Nowadays, the Korean government has made lots of efforts to strengthen SMEs' competitiveness and to change the national economy from big enterprises-oriented structure to SMEs-oriented one. This paper on Germany raises some meaningful implications for this Korean effort, especially as follows. First, there is a strong cooperation and good division of labor between two major ministries, i.e. the Federal Ministry for Education, Science, Research and Technology (BMBF) and the Federal Ministry for Economy(BMWi), in their promotion of innovation potential of German SMEs. Second, many German public research institutes, especially Fraunfer institutes, have close relationship with German SMEs and have played an important role in the enhancement of German SMEs' innovation potential. Third, since the reunification, the unified Germany has tried even stronger to establish a SMEs-oriented economic structure based on their innovation capabilities. Lastly, technological innovations have been incorporated in the ordinary business activities of German SMEs.

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The purpose of this study is to empirically develop a rational loan pricing model for small sized firms by commercial banks in Korea. The samples used in this study were taken out from individuals examined by K bank in Korea. The results show that Logit model is better than Multiple Discriminant Analysis in the prediction accuracy. The major characteristics in the scoring model include occupation, deposits amount, use of credit cards, net interest margin of loan and deposits by individuals. As a possible solution, we examined four alternatives and came to the conclusion that the alternative by scoring factors of the contribution sector relatively equally is the best.

In this study I tried to analyze characteristics of the R&D enterprises from a technological viewpoint. The R&D enterprises are characterized by high-independent R&D capabilities and low dependence rate in the technology introduction. The R&D enterprises have invested in equipment expansion in order to improve the technological abilities, and they have made an effort at employing and educating R&D technician ; so the rate of R&D technicians is getting higher in the rate of total employees. Also, in co-research & development they have cooperated with external organizations-for example; other enterprises, business connections, and supplier etc. As the result, they have become to own many patents.
R&D enterprises are divided four domains by the technology and the market.
The four characteristics are as follows; 4The R&D enterprises which have depended on Existing Technology-Existing Market tend to give a great deal of weight on the fast-flexible production ability to cope with the various demands quickly. The R&D enterprises which have weighted on Existing Technology-New Market as competitive advantages are apt to produce good-quality merchandise.
The R&D enterprises which have accepted New Technology-Existing Market and New Technology-New Market as competitive advantages have tendencies to develop new products.
The profitable R&D enterprises are apt to invest more capital in equipment expansion, and the rate of new products is high in the whole sales. As the competitive advantages, the enterprises that get low profit tend to take flexible production strategies, but the good-quality production strategies for the high profitable enterprises.

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