A main purpose of this research is to identify the success factors of high-tech clusters. For this purpose, we reviewed the historical background of regional clusters in America, Taiwan, and Israel. We developed a conceptual framework for identifying success factors of these clusters. The framework consists of four characteristics; local institution and culture, managerial characteristics, industry structure, and chance events. As a result, this research identified that failure-support culture, cooperative and innovative industry structure, distinctive management system, broad social network, and strong university-industry ties were more important in cases of these high-tech clusters. Based on these results, we suggest that the performance of high-tech clusters depends more on intangible factors, which are less easy to imitate and more enduring competitive advantage, rather than the munificence of tangible assets.

This paper analyzes the uncertainties perceived by entrepreneurs and analyzes what factors would impact on the value of technologies, which is related to the evaluation from external investors. The uncertainties of future revenue stream perceived by entrepreneurs decomposes into the size of demands and the sustainable revenue stream capability. The size of demands was analyzed based on the perspective of demand structure, market adoption speed, market entry barriers, and the acceptability from governments and or institutions. The sustainable revenue stream capability was analyzed base on the perspective of comperation's threats of matching and imitation.
The empirical survey by questionnaires and performance evaluation by project evaluators were performed with the cooperation of KTCGF(Korea Technology Credit Guarantee Fund) and KDBCC(Korea Development Bank Capital Corporation). As a result of the analysis, KTCGF evaluated that the value of future revenues of the enterprises is low, if those enterprises have inelastic demands structure, slower market adoption speed, lower competitive position, and highly competitive situation. Moreover, KDBCC negatively evaluated the value of future revenues of the enterprises, if those enterprises have small potential market demands structure and high risk of expropriation of assets and losses.
This research identified the determinants of future revenue stream of high technology development projects. The findings of this research will provide entrepreneurs and venture investors with criteria to evaluate value of high technology development.

The role of small and medium sized firms is especially important in terms of number, sales volume, etc., in city of Ansan. Thus, the competitiveness of firms directly affects the development of Ansan city. In this study, we suggest what Ansan city should do to strengthen the competitiveness of small and medium sized firms. We summarize and analyze the current support policies of Ansan city. We conducted the survey to figure out the problems of current support policies and what kinds of assistance firms are looking for. Based on the results the survey, we suggest eight policies to improve not only the competitiveness of existing firms but also the industry structure. These policies are the following; 'pioneering international market,' 'joint marketing,' 'improvement of current assistance policies,' 'construction of one-stop service system,' 'construction of information data bases about industry,' 'acceleration of firms' use of information,' 'smooth supply of labor force,' and 'start-up of new business'.

Faced with the limitation of existing theories and idiosyncratic characteristics of IT innovation, this study presents a new perspective on IT innovation adoption and diffusion of which the dominant theoretical base has been the diffusion of innovation theory. The new perspective is based on the bandwagon theory which explains the adoption of diffusion of innovation as a process of imitation within a group of relevant organizations. Using a mathematical modeling, the research shows the relationship between the standard deviation of initial assessment on an innovation and a bandwagon pressure and analyzes the interactive influence of ambiguity and the standard deviation of initial assessment on the diffusion rate. Several implications of this study suggested.

This paper reports evidence supporting the hypothesis that production flexibility is one of the forces that explain differences in the distribution of firm size across industries. Using a data set composed of annual observations on 1357 firms in Korean manufacturing, first, the sale ratios which are occupied by small firms and large firms in 59 four-digit individual industries are measured respectively, and then the determinants of the relative advantage of small and large business are investigated using regression methodology.
The empirical result show that the relationship between sales ratio and capital intensity is negative for small firms and is positive for large firms, which suggests that small and large firms each have their own efficiency niches. While large firms enjoy the advantage of static production efficiency, the flexible production technologies of small firms enable them to respond better to changing demand conditions.

This paper analyses the franchise system which is a relatively new organizational form. As means of business expansion, owning vs. franchising are compared and factors that determine the choice between owning and franchising are analysed.
An agency problem exist in franchise system because of the failure of franchisees to take account of franchisor interests in the process of improving organization performances. Four behaviors resulting the conflicts between franchisor and franchisee are the free-riding problem occurring from using same trademark, the free-riding problem due to coexistences of franchisees proving special services and those do not providing, the inconsistency of incentive when franchisee has influencing power on prices, and the malincentive problems occurring generally and broadly. In order to get rid of or alleviate the incentive problem, the role of contract terms is important. The credible commitments of franchisees are needed to induce their voluntary endeavors.
This paper is an empirical analysis for the effects of firms' advertising.

Although it has attracted many scholars and managers for long time, the research of small business growth has not been accumulated because of the lack of a comprehensive and systematic model. Drawing on the results of 36 previous empirical researches that has been published since 1980, an integrated model describing the factors that effect small business growth is proposed.
Four major categories of variables are believed to influence the growth of small business firms. These variables are characteristics of an owner-manager and employees, management practice, organizational features, and nature of environments. The problem of previous studies and the direction of future research are discussed.

More concerns and studies about job adaptation and job attitude of women can be helpful for the improvement of dissatisfaction derived from women employees. And also better efficiency and qualification can be expected upon those studies.
In most job families, in the realms of rating, position, decision making, salary system and personnel ranking, women are treated inferior compared to men, meanwhile women are living under the pressure of harmony between job and family at the same time.
This paper examined job attitude of office-working women at five year intervals from 1980 to 2000. For the empirical data collection, we surveyed teachers and employees in financial companies. The aim of this longitudinal research are following;
1. To find out how women are perceiving their job environment
2. To get a better understanding about current trend of mental structure toward job attitude of women workers
3. To investigate the difference between men workers and women workers through comparative studies
4. And, finally to contribute to the effective management of women workforce with these outcomes

The purpose of this paper is to seek and suggest the direction and strategies of textile SMEs in the Taegu-Kyungpook Area into North Korea.
In the short run its optimal combination is as follows: in terms of location the west coast, specifically the Kaesung industrial complex ; in ways of entrance, cooperation between large and small and medium enterprises ; for the type of investment, consignment processing ; as for type of industry, apparel, hemp.cotton & woolen goods and synthetic wooven goods.
After the initial stage the investment direction should be modified based on a mid. to long term perspective. At this stage the investment should be focused on provision of equipments, independent investment, synthetic fiber goods, dyeing, mass production of low-price goods, into wide areas of North Korea.
All in all to maximize the effect of Inter-Korea Economic Cooperation a progressive and gradual approach would be better than a hasty one.

A study of Ways to Strengthening the Competitiveness through Cooperation between Enterprises within Cooperative Complex.

This study is focused on the antecedent variables which affect satisfaction with the cast iron material cooperative complex project. 65 cast iron material companies which operate and cooperate with each other within three cast iron material cooperative complexes in Korea responded to this survey questionnaire. Major question is how much effect on the satisfaction with the cooperative complex project the following five research variables have: That is, sales, need for cooperation, financial stability, trust, and competitiveness. This study directly examined these issues.
Results indicated that need for cooperation and trust have a significantly positive effect on satisfaction with cooperative complex project. Based on the findings of this research results, in order to strengthen the effectiveness of cooperative complex project and to elevate participative companies' satisfaction with cooperative complex project, organizers of cooperativ-e complex should be focused on ing companies which are very much interested in the complex and show a strong need for the project while having a strong trust in the participative companies. Further discussion, limitation of this study and future direction were suggested.

This paper is a theoretical study on the development of the measurement-model for the activation level of electronic commerce system. If we look into the implementation of information system in the companies, then we can realize the different stage of activation level of each company. To realize the activation level means that each company is on the position to evaluate, evolve and improve the current system. In this paper we studied the related former theoretical research and designed the model for the measurement of activation level of electronic commerce based on the management skill, the theory of development stage of Nolan and the size of the company. Because this model is 3-dimentional cubic form, it might be difficult in interpretation of the result.
So there remains some issues to be improved for the easy interpretation of the model.